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Wellhead Protection Strategies: Keys to Success

Wellhead Protection Strategies: Keys to Success. Prepared by: Mr. Brian Oram, PG, Licensed Driller, PASEO B.F Environmental Consultants and Wilkes University 15 Hillcrest Drive Dallas, PA 18612 http://www.bfenvironmental.com http://www.water-research.net.

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Wellhead Protection Strategies: Keys to Success

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  1. Wellhead Protection Strategies: Keys to Success Prepared by: Mr. Brian Oram, PG, Licensed Driller, PASEO B.F Environmental Consultants and Wilkes University 15 Hillcrest Drive Dallas, PA 18612 http://www.bfenvironmental.com http://www.water-research.net

  2. Keys to Wellhead Protection (WHPP) • State Federal and Local Regulations Related to Land-use, Zoning, and Wellhead Protection • Geospatial Information for State and Region • Geological Characterization and Evaluation to Delineation Capture Zone • Evaluation of Well Water Sources and Aquifer • Well Drilling and Construction Standards • Interactive State, Regional, and Local Agency Planning • Community Education and Outreach

  3. WHPP: Component of Source Water Projection (Background) • Reauthorization of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1996 required states to Develop a Source Water Assessment and Protection Plan • All PWS are required to be assessed within 2 years, i.e., by September 2003. • Main Goal is to Support the Development of Local Source Water Protection Programs

  4. Why Source Water Protection? • Protect Public Health - Waterborne Diseases - Acute/Chronic Diseases • Good Economic Sense • Lower Treatment Cost • Clean-up Costs • Reduce Infrastructure • Protect the Environment • Protect Water Resources • Protect Habitats • Protect Recreational Uses

  5. Comprehensive Local Program • Components of a Local Plan Include: • Steering Committee - Plan and Implement WHPP • Public Participation - Education Outreach • Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) Delineation • Zone I - 100 to 400 feet • Zone II - 1/2 mile radius or capture zone • Zone III - Area that contributes to Zone II • Identification of Contaminant Sources • Development of WHPA Management Approaches • Contingency Planning • New Water Supply Source Protection

  6. Define the WHPA • Compile Geospatial Data, Geological, and Features for the Project Site. • Identify Hazardous Activities on and Surrounding the Project Site. • Document Direction of Groundwater Flow, Aquifer Properties. • Develop a Zone I Wellhead Protection Zone. • Use Computer Models to Develop a Zone II.

  7. Potential Sources of Impact

  8. Groundwater Movement

  9. Wellhead Protection ZonesZone I: The Zone of Influence Zone I- Wellhead Protection Area Based on a Fixed Radius Approach (Simplified Method)- That is a function of Aquifer Thickness, Porosity, Permeability, and Aquifer Material. It is an arbitrary or calculated fixed radius method that ranges from 100 to 400 feet. - Controlled by Owners - Accident Prevention Zone - Sanitary Protection Zone Purpose is to protect the annulus of the well from the direct introduction of contaminants into the well and its immediate area from spills, surface runoff, or leakage from storage facilities or containers.

  10. WHP: Zone 1 and Zone 2

  11. Wellhead Protection ZonesZone II: Zone of Contribution Zone II: The Zone of Contribution The zone is established based on a capture zone analysis, calculated fixed radius and hydrogeological modeling for the aquifer. It can be based on a 2-year TOT (time to travel). Zone 2, the attenuation zone, is established to: protect a well from contact with pathogenic microorganisms, provide for emergency response, and permit the implementation of contingency plans.

  12. Wellhead Protection ZoneZone 3: Remedial Zone Zone 3 – Based on a combination of Vulnerability Assessment, Hydrological Mapping, Numerical Modeling Evaluations using a 5-yr TOT. This is the area that contributes to Zone 2. Evaluation would include the effect of the geological structure, such as: folding, faults and fractures. Zone 3 delineation typically requires rather extensive testing and modeling to properly delineate. .

  13. Zone 3: Area Contributes to Zone 2

  14. Wellhead Protection Strategies: Keys to Success Prepared by: Mr. Brian Oram, PG, Licensed Driller, PASEO B.F Environmental Consultants and Wilkes University 15 Hillcrest Drive Dallas, PA 18612 http://www.bfenvironmental.com http://www.water-research.net

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