1 / 49

Chapter 10

Chapter 10. The Islamic World. Rome’s Three Heirs. Byzantium Islam Latin Christendom. Islam. Arabs before Muhammad. Polytheism Kaaba , a pilgrimage shrine located in Mecca, in which the sacred Black Stone (probably a meteorite) is housed. Politically disunited. The Prophet Muhammad.

clarke-mcbride
Download Presentation

Chapter 10

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 10 The Islamic World

  2. Rome’s Three Heirs • Byzantium • Islam • Latin Christendom

  3. Islam

  4. Arabs before Muhammad • Polytheism • Kaaba, a pilgrimage shrine located in Mecca, in which the sacred Black Stone (probably a meteorite) is housed. • Politically disunited

  5. The Prophet Muhammad • c. 570: Birth of Muhammad • c. 610: Mohammed’s conversion; revelations from Gabriel • 622: The hijra (“migration”) Muhammad fled to Medina First year in Muslim calendar • 630: Muhammad captured Mecca • 632: Muhammad died.

  6. Orthodox Caliphate • 632-661 (the first four caliphs) • 634-644: Omar 634: Conquest of Damascus 636: Conquest of Jerusalem and Persia 640: Conquest of Egypt

  7. The Expansion of Islam, 622 - ca. 750 http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/44cdc9b11080f6cc70ca.jpg

  8. Omayyad Caliphate (Damascus) 661-750 • Conquest of North Africa and Spain.

  9. Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad) 750-1258 • 1258: Mongols sacked Baghdad. Abbasid Caliphate ended.

  10. Two Governing Orientations • Umayyads vs. Abbasids • Westward Eastward • Damascus Baghdad • 661-750 8th-10th centuries

  11. Omayyad Emirate in Spain 756-1031 • 1056: Ferdinand I of Castile proclaimed himself “Emperor of Spain,” beginning the “Reconquista.” • 1492: End of the Reconquista in Spain.

  12. The Ottoman Empire 1350-1918 • 1453: Constantinople was conquered. • 1914: The Ottoman Empire entered World War I • 1919-1924: End of the Ottoman Empire

  13. References • http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/Islam/Islam.html • http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/Islam/Beliefs.html

  14. Islamic Culture

  15. Allah = God • Islam = submission to God’s will • Muslims = those who submit • Jihad = the struggle to lead a virtuous life and to further the universal mission of Islam through teaching, preaching, and when necessary, warfare.

  16. Religion • Strict monotheism. • Emphasis on personal morality set by the Quran (or Koran; literally, “recitation”). • Absence of clergy.

  17. Five Pillars of Faith • (1) Declaring the central belief: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God.” • (2) Saying prayers five times a day • (3) Almsgiving • (4) Fasting from dawn until sunset during the sacred month of Ramadan • (5) Making the pilgrimage to Mecca

  18. Government • Theocracy: government and religion are inseparable. • Caliph: the supreme religious and political leader of all Muslims.

  19. Scholarship • Arab scholars preserved hundreds of ancient Greek manuscripts, copying and editing them in Arabic translations (Fiero 227).

  20. Scholarship • The fund of scientific and technological knowledge, along with Arabic scholarship on Aristotle, stimulated a rebirth of learning in the 12th century and contributed to the rise of Western universities (Fiero 227).

  21. Literature • Poetry: Romantic love was a favorite subject, which had profound influence on the medieval romance (troubadour poetry) and the Renaissance poet Petrarch (Fiero 228).

  22. Literature • Sufi Poetry: A sufi is an ascetic Islam mystic who seeks to hold communion with the deity through contemplation and ecstasy. • “Whatsoever I say in exposition and explanation of Love, when I come to Love itself I am ashamed of that explanation.” (Rumi)

  23. Literature • Prose: The Thousand and One Night

  24. Islamic Art • Taken from http://www.victorynewsmagazine.com/Arabesque.htm

  25. Idolatry Is Forbidden.

  26. Calligraphy

  27. Arabesque • Thus, depiction of foliage in its varied forms became a very prominent feature of Arabesque art. One can visualize a strong link between art and nature in Islamic monuments where scrolling vines, surreal flowers and gracefully flowing leaves can be seen everywhere . . . .

  28. Inspiration • The single most important factor that influenced the creation and evolution of Islamic Art is the Quran itself. One can find many verses in the Quran mentioning the beauty and abundance of Paradise with its exquisite gardens beneath which rivers flow.

  29. Geometric Forms • Islam and science were never seen as two separate subjects. From the Islamic viewpoint, geometry is one of the streams that flows from the Fountainhead of Islam. This belief that science is an integral part of Islam led to many discoveries and advancements in the field of mathematics by Muslims.

  30. Islamic Art is therefore characterized by a beautiful combination of artistic foliage designs with geometric principles. The combination creates exquisite works of art unique only to the Islamic Cultural heritage.

  31. Regulating Principles • Repetition • Infinite extension • The looping together of motifs to form a meandering, overall pattern (Fiero 231).

  32. Arches of the Great Mosque, Córdoba, Spain, begun 784-787. White marble and red sandstone, http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/08fcc1f55767cf1eb258.jpg

  33. Court of the Lions, Alhambra palace, Granada. Mid-14th century. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/727024f6dfff6a69cf5f.jpg

  34. Sinan the Great, Mosque of Suleyman I, Istanbul, Turkey, begun 1550. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/f7e3dee5e1758fc86ce5.jpg

  35. http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbi.cgi/Suyleman_Mosque.html/cid_1723343.htmlhttp://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbi.cgi/Suyleman_Mosque.html/cid_1723343.html

  36. Sinan the Great. Interior of the mosque of Suleyman l, Istanbul, Turkey. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/274a26e864a3c729b69a.jpg

  37. Entry portal, Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Persia (Iran), 1611-1666. http://mh1.xplana.com/imagevault/upload/b33a2d823416578dce23.jpg

  38. The End

More Related