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APA Style

APA Style. American Psychological Association . the results of primary research Designed for the reporting of primary research, APA citations are used in: Science Social Science History Geography Politics Psychology Sociology Anthropology. Academic Dishonesty includes:.

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APA Style

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  1. APA Style American Psychological Association

  2. the results of primary research • Designed for the reporting of primary research, • APA citations are used in: • Science • Social Science • History • Geography • Politics • Psychology • Sociology • Anthropology

  3. Academic Dishonesty includes: • Direct plagiarism • Rewording, summarizing or paraphrasing another's ideas without giving credit • Paying another person to write your essay or report • Having another person write your essay or report • Copying (e.g. photographing using your smartphone or camera) someone else’s work and using it to complete your own assignment (homework, project, test, exam…)

  4. Academic Dishonesty Repercussions • Zero for the paper • Note put in student record • Suspension • Loss of Credit • Expulsion (no $ refunds!) • Blacklisting • Lawsuits

  5. You do need to cite… • Other people’s research results • Quotations • Paraphrased information (Note: changing one or two words is NOT paraphrasing!) • Summarized information • Statistics • Images, art, maps, photographs, charts • Cartoons • Advertisements • Audio Visual Materials (music, radio, DVD, MP3 files, TV broadcast )

  6. A Typical APA Paper • Title page is page 1 • Header on all pages • 1 inch margins • double spaced • Times New Roman font, size 12 • Indent new paragraphs by 0.5 inches • First section is “Abstract”

  7. A header is placed at the top right corner of each page, including the title page and the References page. It consists of an abbreviated title and the page number. The title page consists of the header, as described above, the title, the author, and the school name, each on a separate line. The header is found at the top of the page, where the other parts are vertically centred on the page

  8. The Abstract • a short summary (100 to 120 words maximum) of your paper • enables readers to quickly scan the contents of the report. • identifies key points and summarizes the investigation and conclusion • begin the abstract on a new page (page 2) • title Abstract should be centred at the top

  9. A Typical Paper (cont’d) APA papers use subheadings!

  10. References- Basic Rules Towards a Healthy 6 References Berg, F. M. (2001). Children and teens afraid to eat: Helping youth in today’s weight-obsessed world. Hettinger, ND: Healthy Weight Network. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Producer). (2007, April). Fashion and the dangerously thin. On CBC – TV news in review April 2007 [DVD]. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Producer. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2007, April). Fashion and the dangerously thin. In CBC – TV news in review April 2007 [ Resource Guide]. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Author. Fenlon, B. (2007, March 28). Child-obesity epidemic spurs call for trans-fat ban. Globe & Mail. Retrieved May 27, 2007, from Infotrac database. Region of Peel, Peel Public Health. (2007). Healthy body image: What is body image? Retrieved May 25, 2007, from http://www.region.peel.on.ca/health/ • Title is References; last page of report • Double-spaced, 1 inch margins, Times-New Roman font, size 12 • Titles are in italics • Author is first, unless there is no author • If no author, use the group or organization as the author. If that is not available, move the article title to the author position. Then… • Date is second piece of info, in brackets • Hanging indent (0.5 inch)

  11. References- Basic Rules Towards a Healthy 6 References Berg, F. M. (2001). Children and teens afraid to eat: Helping youth in today’s weight-obsessed world. Hettinger, ND: Healthy Weight Network. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Producer). (2007, April). Fashion and the dangerously thin. On CBC – TV news in review April 2007 [DVD]. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Producer. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2007, April). Fashion and the dangerously thin. In CBC – TV news in review April 2007 [ Resource Guide]. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Author. Fenlon, B. (2007, March 28). Child-obesity epidemic spurs call for trans-fat ban. Globe & Mail. Retrieved May 27, 2007, from Infotrac database. Region of Peel, Peel Public Health. (2007). Healthy body image: What is body image? Retrieved May 25, 2007, from http://www.region.peel.on.ca/health/ • Place in alphabetical order • No short forms (e.g. ABC, CBC, PDSB, Sept.) • Online sources must include “Retrieved” • Give complete URL address of the webpage where the information resides (not the homepage). • No < > brackets around the URL • No punctuation at the end of the URL

  12. Embedded (In-Text) References • Are used to linkquote s within the body of yourpaper • to theircorrespondingReference • Direct Quote = verbatim • when you copy directly from the article • the quoted text is placed inside quotation marks (short quote) or indented from the margin (long quote) in its own mini-paragraph • Indirect Quote = paraphrased • when you use information from the article, but put it into your own words • quotation marks are used only for phrases that are not your own • N.B. Sentences with only a few modified words are still direct quotes. You must indicate the modified words by putting them in brackets

  13. How to Format Embedded References (From Source It!) There are two types of embedded citations , depending upon whether or not the author is mentioned in the lead-up to the quote In all cases, the embedded reference provides the date of publication and page number(s). Author not mentioned in lead-up Format: (AuthorA, AuthorB, AuthorC, AuthorD, and AuthorE, Date, Page) Examples: (Westerfeld, 2010, p. 75)(Packer, 2003, pp. 38-43)(Canfield, Hansen, and Kirberger, 2002, p. 177) According to a recent study, one in three dentists recommends Crest toothpaste as the best way to fight cavities. (Westerfeld, 2010, p. 75)

  14. Author mentioned in lead-up Format: (Date, Page) Example: (2010, p. 75) According to Westerfeld’sstudy, one in three dentists recommends Crest toothpaste as the best way to fight cavities. (2010, p. 75) Reference Westerfeld, Sandra. Toothpaste Wars. New York: Simon, 2010. Print.

  15. What if the resource doesn’t have an “author”? • If the work is produced by a company or organization (e.g. BBC) then list the company name as the author • Where no company name is available, list the title of the article or resource first. • The first item listed should match the first component of the reference list Example: First: (British Broadcasting Corporation [BBC], 2006, para. 12) Subsequent: (BBC, 2006, para. 12)

  16. Page Numbers • Precede the page reference with p. when there is only one page with pp. when there are multiple pages. • If there is no easily identifiable page number, then provide a paragraph number using the symbol ¶ or para. • If there are headings without page numbers or paragraph numbers, then give the heading of the chapter or section followed by the paragraph within the section. • In webpages, it may not be reasonable to give a paragraph number, therefore no location is required. Examples: Book with page number (Author, Date, p. 12) With paragraph number (Author, Date, para. 20) With paragraph number (Author, Date, ¶ 20) Newspaper with page number (Author, Date, B2) Webpage with section heading (Title, Date, Conclusion section, para. 1)

  17. Image References • are placed with the image in the body of the work • use “Figure” numbering system Example: From Source It! Visuals

  18. The Tricky Part !Formatting the citations • Citations are different for every type of resource • Use citation function in database and/or BibMe.org to start • Use Source Itonline to double-check the formats and examples for the types of materials you are using • You will find Source It on the Library MyClass site under “Links”, “Citation Tools” Link

  19. For your convenience, this PowerPoint and a video on how to set up your APA paper, have been posted in the Lessons section on the Library MyClass site.

  20. With thanks to…. The library staff at Cawthra Park S. S. Source It!

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