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Antebellum America: The Market Revolution

Antebellum America: The Market Revolution. The Transportation Revolution. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA. By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities. Cumberland (National Road), 1811. Conestoga Covered Wagons. Conestoga Trail, 1820s. Erie Canal System.

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Antebellum America: The Market Revolution

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  1. Antebellum America: The Market Revolution

  2. The Transportation Revolution

  3. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

  4. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  5. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  6. Erie Canal System

  7. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  8. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  9. 1820: 69 steamboats on Miss/Ohio River1860: 3,000 steamboats on American waterways

  10. Principal Canals in 1840

  11. Inland Freight Rates

  12. Clipper Ships: Boston-China Trade

  13. 400 miles a day

  14. San francisco harbor, 1851

  15. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

  16. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

  17. New Inventions: "Yankee Ingenuity"

  18. Resourcefulness & Experimentation • Americans were willing to try anything. • They were first copiers, theninnovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860 4,357 “ “ “

  19. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

  20. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

  21. OliverEvans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

  22. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

  23. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

  24. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  25. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

  26. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

  27. The “American Dream” • Material advance = natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.

  28. The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"

  29. Boom/Bust Cycles: 1790-1860 The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.

  30. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

  31. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  32. Lowell in 1850

  33. Lowell Mill

  34. Early Textile Loom

  35. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  36. New England Dominance in Textiles

  37. Starting for Lowell

  38. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

  39. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

  40. Lowell Mills Time Table

  41. Early “Union” Newsletter

  42. The Factory Girl’s Garland February 20, 1845 issue.

  43. I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girlEveryday filled with fearFrom breathing in the poison airWishing for windows!I'm a factory girlTired from the 13 hours of work each dayAnd we have such low payWishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory girlNever having enough time to eatNor to rest my feetWishing for more free time!I'm a factory girlSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for because I am a factory girlAnd I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!

  44. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

  45. The Antebellum South

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