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Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution. 1790-1850. Definition: Mechanization versus life power Starts in British textile industry 1700’s. Industrial Revolution. ESSENTIAL QUESTION:. What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?. The

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Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

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  1. Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution 1790-1850

  2. Definition: Mechanization versus life power Starts in British textile industry 1700’s Industrial Revolution

  3. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?

  4. The Transportation Revolution

  5. Roads Corduroy Roads: logs Plank Roads: boards Toll Roads/Turnpikes Rivers & Canals Robert Fulton & the Steamboat Canals to connect bodies of water Railroads Postal Service & Newspapers Transportation & Communication

  6. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

  7. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  8. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  9. Erie Canal System

  10. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  11. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  12. Principal Canals in 1840

  13. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850  9000 mi. of RRtrack [1860  31,000 mi.]

  14. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

  15. New Inventions: "Yankee Ingenuity"

  16. Resourcefulness & Experimentation • Americans were willing to try anything. • They were first copiers, theninnovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860 4,357 “ “ “

  17. Interchangeable parts with guns Definition: All parts to an exact standard Cotton Gin: Machine that separates seed from cotton Patent: License from the government giving an inventor the sole right to make, use, and sell an invention for a period of time Eli Whitney

  18. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

  19. Increased profit Increased dependence by the South Expansion for new lands More slaves to pick cotton Impact of the Cotton Gin:

  20. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

  21. Other Inventors

  22. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

  23. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

  24. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  25. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

  26. The “American Dream” • They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hearsthe word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.

  27. The Northern Industrial

  28. Distribution of Wealth • During the American Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 10% ofthe population. • 1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. • 1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. • The gap between rich and poor was widening!

  29. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

  30. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  31. Lowell Mill

  32. Early Textile Loom

  33. http://www.kentlaw.edu/ilhs/lowell.html http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5714 Lowell Mill Girls

  34. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  35. New England Dominance in Textiles

  36. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

  37. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OsxZLZLlRg

  38. What's Happening in America by the 1850s?

  39. Definition: Change in the way Americans made, bought, and sold goods Manufacturing: Use of machinery to make products Centralized Factories: Single facility where all tasks involved in making a product Free Enterprise System: Private companies compete for profits Specialization: Each worker performs just one part of production Shopping: No longer need to make all the products Market Revolution

  40. Regional Specialization EAST Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

  41. American Population Centers in 1820

  42. American Population Centers in 1860

  43. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

  44. ECONOMIC? POLITICAL? The results of early 19c industrialization in America? SOCIAL? FUTUREPROBLEMS?

  45. ECONOMIC SOCIAL POLITICAL FUTURE PROBLEMS Class Reponses

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