Division Chytridiomycota

1. Division Chytridiomycota Division Chytridiomycota

2. Main characteristics u Somatic stage Coenocytic hyphae with globular, ovoid or well-develop mycelium Mostly haploid, but some species are diploid Cell wall are mainly chitin and glucan Centriole u Reproduction Asexual reproduction by production of single posterior whiplash zoospore in sporangium Sexual reproduction by formation of resting sexual spore by mean of planogametic copulation Division Chytridiomycota

3. Life cycle of Chytridiomycota Division Chytridiomycota

4. Sexual reproduction in Chytrids 1. Planogametic copulation a) Conjugation of isogamous planogamete b) Conjugation of heterogamus planogamete c) Fertilization of non-motile female gamete (egg) by a motile male gamete (antherozoid) 2. Gametangial copulation 3. Somatogamy Division Chytridiomycota

5. B A C D Sporangium and zoospore development www.mycolog.com/chapter2b.htm Division Chytridiomycota

6. Chytrid zoospore www.mycolog.com/chapter2b.htm Division Chytridiomycota

7. Classification Order Chytridales Order Spizellomycetales Order Neocallimasticales Order Blastocladicales Order Monoblepharidales Division Chytridiomycota

8. Order Chytridiales u Zoospore character: have central core of ribosome enclosed by two membrane, have a single lipid droplet and rumposome present Division Chytridiomycota

9. u Water- or soil- inhibiting saprophytic fungi and some are parasite on algae, water mold and animal eggs u For example genus Synchytrium, Rhizophydium and Chytriomyces Division Chytridiomycota

10. Synchytrium spp. u Holocarpic, endobiotic, parasitic fungi of flowering plant u S. endobioticum is parasite causing black wart disease on potato characterized by enlargement of surface cell (hypertrophy) and increase numbers of cell (hyperplasia) Division Chytridiomycota

11. Life cycle of synchytium endobioticum Division Chytridiomycota

12. S. taraxaci: mature sporangium (A) and empty sporangium A B www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/.../Fungi/ Synchytrium_taraxaci.html Division Chytridiomycota

13. Black wart disease caused by S. endobioticum www.redepapa.org/verruga.html Division Chytridiomycota

14. Rhizophydium spp. u Eucarpic form that exhibit endogenous development u Saprophytic or parasitic species Division Chytridiomycota

15. Eucarpic thallus of Rhyzophydium www.mycolog.com/chapter2b.htm Division Chytridiomycota

16. Rhizophydium sp. parasite on Spirogyra sp. protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/.../Eumycota/ Rhyzophydium/sp_23c.html Division Chytridiomycota

17. Chytriomyces spp. u Eucarpic chytrid u Common genus can be found in water and soil sample Division Chytridiomycota

18. Life cycle of Chytriomyces hyalinus Division Chytridiomycota

19. Order Spizellomycetales u Previously had been included in Chytridiales u Zoospore character: ribosome are dispersed, several lipid droplet occurs in anterior end of zoospore and rumposome absent. Division Chytridiomycota

20. u Sexual reproduction is unknown in this order u Water- or soil- inhibiting saprophytic fungi and some are parasite on plants and fungi u For example Rozella spp. and Olpidium spp. Division Chytridiomycota

21. Rozella spp. u Obligate endoparasite of aquatic fungi (Oomycota and Chytridiomycota) u R. allomycis is parasite of Allomyces. Division Chytridiomycota

22. Olpidium spp. u Holocarpic endobiotic plant parasite of algae, mosses and pollen u O.brassicae is a vector for a number of plant virus u O. brassicae is parasite of cabbage Division Chytridiomycota

23. Order Neocallimasticales u Once included in Spizellomycetales u Anaerobic chytrids that inhibite within rumen and cecum of herbivorous animals u Zoospore character: have aggregated ribosome, but lack rumposome and mitochondria u Uniflagellate or polyflagellate (ca 10) zoospores u For example genus Neocallimastix Division Chytridiomycota

24. Neocallimastix spp. u Inhabitat in rumen and cecum of mamalian herbivorous u Anaerobic chytrid u Polyflagellate zoospores u Complete life cycle is unclear Division Chytridiomycota

25. Neocallimastrix sp. www.towson.edu/~wubah/rumenfungi/ Anaerobic%20zoosporic%... Division Chytridiomycota

26. Order Blastocladicales u Zoospore character: common feature as other order and having nuclear cap, which is a cluster of ribosome surrounded by a membrane u With resting sporangia surrounded by a thick outer dark-brown wall u Water or soil inhabitants u For example genus Allomyces, Coelomomyces and Blastocladiella Division Chytridiomycota

27. Allomyces spp. u Filamentous polycentric eucarpic chytrid u Saprophytic on soil and water Division Chytridiomycota

28. Thick-walled resting spore of Allomyces sp. www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/ fungi/allomyces.jpg Division Chytridiomycota

29. Male and female gametangia of Allomyces arbuscular micol.fcien.edu.uy/atlas/ ChytrOomycetes.html Division Chytridiomycota

30. Coelomomyces spp. u Obligate parasite of mosquitoes and chironomids inhabited by the body cavity or coelom u Host specific ---> biological control agents u C. psorophorae is heteroecious, e.g. require two completely different hosts, mosquito and copepod. Division Chytridiomycota

31. Life cycle of Coelomomyces psorophorae Division Chytridiomycota

32. Sporangium of Coelomomyces sp. www.rmc.edu/facstaffpages/wmartin/ public_html/research.html Division Chytridiomycota

33. Order Monoblepharidales u Small order with small number of species u Zoospore character: with cluster ribosome around centrally positioned nucleus, numerous lipid droplet and numerous mitochondria at posterior end u Saprobes on twig or fruit submerging in fresh water u For example genus Monoblepharis Division Chytridiomycota

34. Monoblepharis polymorpha u Well developed branch hyphae. u Protoplasm is highly vacuolated, so that is appears foamy . u Gametangial copulation occurs with in oogonium. Division Chytridiomycota