Unit 2 The French Revolution Chapter 7

1. Unit 2 The French RevolutionChapter 7 1789-1815 Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

2. Nationalism • The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is to people who share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire

3. Europe 1750-1789

4. Causes of the French Revolution

5. Revolution and France • Old Regime – existing system of Feudalism under a King and Queen • People divided into three estates, or social classes • First Estate • Second Estate • Third Estate

6. First Estate • Clergy of Roman Catholic Church • Anti-Enlightenment • Owned 10% of land • 2% of income to taxes

7. Second Estate • Rich nobles held high offices in gov’t • Anti-Enlightenment • Owned 30% of land • Paid almost no taxes

8. Third Estate • Consisted of three groups • Bourgeoisie • Workers • Peasants • 98% of population • 80% of French are peasants

9. Third Estate • Peasants paid most of their income in • taxes (like soap, salt &bread) • dues to nobles • tithes to the church • Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates • Pro-Enlightenment ideas

10. Weak Government • King Louis XVI inherits debt • Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the British • Crop failures and bread shortages • Marie Antoinette – (Queen) overspending and uncaring

11. Estates General • France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an Estates General - assembly of representatives from all three estates to air grievances – a “cahier” • Met on May 5, 1789 at Versailles • Unfair voting practices led to more anger

12. Question of the Day • What are some “Injustices” students face at Central Bucks South? • What can be done to address these problems? • Create a CBS Cahier

13. Tennis Court Oath • June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy and the start of representative government • Tennis Court Oath – indoor tennis court where delegates would stay until they made a new constitution • The First Act of Real Revolution

14. King Louis XVI Executed • Political clubs – The Jacobins – wanted to remove the King permanently • Louis tried for treason and found guilty • Guillotined January 21, 1793

15. The Terror • Maximilien Robespierre becomes dictator • Closes churches, changes calendar • (no Sundays, new dates) • “Republic of Virtue” • Reign of Terror

16. End of Robespierre • National Convention leaders knew they were not safe from Robes… • Executed on July 28, 1794 • Public opinion shifted to the Right (conservative) • The Directory 1795 Death Mask of Robespierre

17. French Governments 1789-1795 3. The Legislative Assembly Limited Constitutional Monarchy Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives 4. The National Convention King and Queen executed Robespierre becomes dictator The Terror!!! 1. The Old Regime • King and Queen • Three Estates • Feudal System 2. The National Assembly • Declaration of the Rights of Man • Abolish Feudalism and make everyone “equal”

18. French Revolution QUIZ • What was the “Old Regime”? • What are THREE “Enlightenment Ideas”? • What groups belonged to each Estate? • Name THREE causes of the French Revolution. • Explain the voting practices at The Estates General. 6. Who took the Tennis Court Oath? 7. What was the Bastille and what happened there? 8. What was the motto of the FR? How does the use of the Guillotine relate? 9. Name three ways Robespierre changed French life during the Reign of Terror. 10. What were the goals of the revolutionaries? Were these goals achieved?

19. Question of the Day • What are your feelings about Capital Punishment? • i.e. The Death Penalty for Capital Crimes

20. Quote of the Day “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely” Lord Acton (1834-1902)

21. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4

22. Napoleon Bonaparte • During the 1790’s- • Defeated peasant uprising • Defeated Austria in battle – protected France • Changed the way war was fought • By 1799 seen as national hero • Beloved by his soldiers and the French people

23. Coup d’Etat • Encouraged to assume political power by The Directory • November 9, 1799 given full control of the military, gov’t immediately overthrown • Becomes de facto Dictator – The First Consul

24. Internal France Napoleonic Code Uniform set of Laws Louisiana Purchase (1803) $15 MIL goes straight to French military Emperor December 2, 1804 Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND into the Western Hemisphere • The 1800-1804 plebiscites gave NAP total power • Taxation equality • National banking system • Set up lycees– gov’t run schools • Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII • Restored relations with the Church

25. External Enemies • NAP defeats European military powers • Ignites French Nationalism • Continues military campaign to rule Europe • Spreading Enlightenment Ideas • really is self-serving

26. Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

27. Napoleon Biography • The Glory of France • Video Analysis

28. QoD • What makes a person “GREAT”? • Based on your definition of greatness, who in today’s world could be considered “great”? Example and explain • Think about all walks of life…politics, entertainment, sports, teaching, etc. THINK ABOUT: Changing people’s lives, innovative ideas, leadership, empathy, caring, motivating, power, money, intelligent?

29. The Downfall of Napoleon • The Battle of Trafalgar • The Continental System • The Peninsular War • The Invasion of Russia • The 100 Days (his first exile) • Waterloo

30. Napoleon’s Defeat • Fourth Coalition - Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden • October 1813 NAP defeated at Battle of Leipzig • By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris • April 1814 NAP surrenders • Exiled to island of Elba

31. The 100 Days Lord Wellington “Nosey” • Louis XVIII on throne – unpopular brother • NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes his military • Louis XVIII flees • June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo • Exiled to St. Helena • Dies 1821 - Cancer?

32. Hitler Visiting Napoleon’s Tomb

33. The Congress of ViennaCh. 7 Section 5 • European powers wanted to restore stability • Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich • Three goals: • Containment Surround France with strong countries • Balance of Power Strengthen all European nations • Legitimacy Restore Europe’s royal families

34. Congress of Vienna • LONG TERM RESULTS • Monarchies restored • Increased power of Britain and Prussia (Germany) • Increased nationalism thru Europe • European colonies declared independent • Seeds of Revolution throughout the world • BUT peace on the continent for nearly 100 years!

36. “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”Lord Acton (1834-1902) In-Class Writing AssignmentIn five paragraphs, explain how this quote relates to either King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre, or Napoleon Bonaparte. Use at least THREE specific examples to support your response

37. Battle of Trafalgar 1805 • French navy defeated by British fleet • Horatio Nelson scores victory – dies • RESULTS • Assured British naval supremacy • NAP can’t invade Britain • Wants to defeat Britain even more

38. The Continental System 1806 • Blockade of British imports and exports to weaken England’s economy • Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and blockade not tight enough • RESULTS • Weakened French economy • Weakened European economy • European nations hated NAP

39. The Peninsular War 1808-1813 • Portugal not adhering to NAP • NAP makes brother Joseph King of Spain • NAP Sends troops through Spain, Spanish riot in protest • Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid rebels • RESULTS • Can’t defeat guerrillas and British • French Lose 300,000 troops • Other countries have HOPE and increased… • NATIONALISM!!!

40. Invasion of Russia 1812 • Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow • Scorched-earth policy/slash & burn • Battle of Moscow – Russians burn city • October – too late to advance too late to retreat • RESULTS • Fierce winter defeats French army – NAP retreats • NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000 • Other powers able to defeat depleted army at Leipzig

41. French Revolution Quiz 2 • Declaration of the ______ of _______ • Radicals, Moderates, __________ • Newspaperman Jean-Paul _________ instigated violence • Maximillien_______ was a de facto dictator • Louis was tried for___________ 6. Napoleon was born in _____. 7. Set of laws NAP established are the ______________ Code. 8. On December 2, 1804 NAP named himself ________ 9. One of NAP’s biggest mistakes was the 1812 Invasion of_______. 10. NAP’s final defeat was at the Battle of ______________.

42. Song of the Day So ya say ya want a revolution? What is the message of the song?

43. Question of the Day • Have you ever done something (that you regretted later!), and the only reason you did it was because of WHO you were with at the time?

44. QoD • Is it always good to “compromise”? • When is compromise is a good thing, and when is it a bad thing? • Pet Peeve: “We agree to disagree”!?!?! What does that even mean?

45. Essential Question of the Day • “When is Revolution Justified?” • Use specific examples from your notes, videos, class discussion, and your project to fully answer the question • Two paragraphs • Terms to think about: • Nationalism • Enlightenment Ideas • Natural Rights • Purpose of Government