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Active English

Active English. Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive Prepared by I M KHAN (Asst. Prof. in English) Om Engineering College, Junagadh. www.imkeng.wordpress.com. Active / Passive. Active ( કર્તરી) Action done by the subject Passive (કર્મણી)

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Active English

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  1. Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive Prepared by I M KHAN (Asst. Prof. in English) Om Engineering College, Junagadh. www.imkeng.wordpress.com

  2. Active / Passive • Active (કર્તરી) Action done by the subject • Passive (કર્મણી) Action done by the object Example સુથાર ખુરશી બનાવે છે. (કર્તરી) ખુરશી સુથાર દ્વારા બને છે (કર્મણી)

  3. Please Remember • Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb Example: I write a letter I wrote a letter I shall write a letter Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense

  4. Please Remember • Identify the Subject of the sentence Example: I write a letter. who writes a letter? The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject…

  5. Please Remember • Identify the object in the sentence Example: I write a letter what do you / I write? The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….

  6. Keys • Verb shows you the tense of the sentence • ‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject / doer of the action • ‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the object of the sentence.

  7. Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV • Simple (Present / Past / Future) • AV: S + V + Ob • PV: Ob + to be + V3 + by + Sub. • Progreesive (Present / Past) • AV: S + to be + V4 + Ob • PV: Ob + to be + being + V3 + by + Sub. • Perfect (Present / Past / Future) • AV: S + to have + V3 + Ob • PV: Ob + to have + been + V3 + by + Sub.

  8. Verb Forms To be To have Present: have / has Past: had Future will have / shall have • Present: am / is / are • Past: was / were • Future will be / shall be

  9. Verb Form Table

  10. If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future) • AV object will become PV subject • Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK • Past participle (V3) of root verb will come • ‘by’ as conjunction will come • AV subject will become PV object

  11. Simple Present They speak English Subject Action Verb Object English is spoken by them AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  12. Simple Past They spoke English Subject Action Verb Object English was spoken by them AV object will become PV subject was/ were + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  13. Simple Future They will speak English Subject Action Verb Object English will be spoken by them AV object will become PV subject will be / shall be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  14. If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past) • AV object will become PV subject • Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK • ‘being’ will come after ‘to be’ verb • Past participle (V3) of root verb will come • ‘by’ as conjunction will come • AV subject will become PV object

  15. Progressive Present They are speaking English Subject Action Verb Object English is being spoken by them AV object will become PV subject am / is / are + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  16. Progressive Past They were speaking English Subject Action Verb Object English was being spoken by them AV object will become PV subject was / were + being + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  17. If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future) • AV object will become PV subject • Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come CLICK • ‘been’ will come after ‘to be’ verb • Past participle (V3) of root verb will come • ‘by’ as conjunction will come • AV subject will become PV object

  18. Perfect Present They have spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English has been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject have / has + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  19. Perfect Past They had spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English had been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject had + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  20. Perfect Future They will have spoken English Subject Action Verb Object English will have been spoken by them AV object will become PV subject will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  21. How will pronouns change? Active Passive by me by us by you by them by him by her by it • I • We • You • They • He • She • It

  22. Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below • Can • Could • May • Might • Shall • Should • Will • Would • Must • Has to / have to • Can be • Could be • May be • Might be • Shall be • Should be • Will be • Would be • Must be • Has to be / have to be

  23. Modal Auxuliaries I can write a letter A letter can be written by me AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  24. Modal Auxuliaries We have to follow rules Rules have to be followed by us AV object will become PV subject To be + V3 of RV ‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

  25. Transitive & Intransitive Verb • Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb. • Verb that has no object is intransitive verb Example • He draws a picture. (transitive) What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object • Birds fly (intransitive) This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive

  26. Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form Sentences without objects Underlined words are not object Adverbial of place Adverbial of place Adverbial of frequency Adverbial of time • I am going to school. • Birds fly in the sky • They are coming today • He is going at 5 PM

  27. Sentence with more than one object Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time. Example I wrote a letter to my mother. First object : a letter Second object : my mother

  28. More than one object I wrote a letter to my mother. Ob.1 Ob.2 A letter was written to my mother by me My mother was written a letter by me

  29. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) • They may ban the film. • We corrected the mistakes. • Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. • A mechanic is repairing my car. • I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. • Manners reveal character. • Do you expect good result?

  30. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) They may ban the film The film may be banned by them Object Subject

  31. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) We corrected the mistakes. The mistakes were corrected by us Object Subject

  32. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport. Narayan’spasport had been stolen by someone Object Subject

  33. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) A mechanic is repairing my car. My car is being repaired by a mechanic Subject Object

  34. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Object Subject I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. A letter has been written to the vice president of the company by me

  35. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Subject I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company. The vice president of the company has been written a letter by me Object

  36. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Manners reveal character. Character is revealed by manners Subject Object

  37. WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a) Do you expect good result? Is good result expected by you? Subject Object

  38. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) • The monkeys threw stones at the dogs • The policeman will catch the thieves soon. • The students are writing their papers now. • He has forgotten a speech now. • The clerk did not give him proper information. • My uncle was driving a car at that time. • He can secure the first position in the college.

  39. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The monkeys threw stones at the dogs Stones were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys Subject Object

  40. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The policeman will catch the thieves soon. The thieves will soon be caught by the policeman Subject Object

  41. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The students are writing their papers now. Students’ papers are now being written by them. Subject Object

  42. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) Subject He has forgotten a speech now. A speech has now been forgotten by him Object

  43. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The clerk did not give him proper information. He was not given proper information by the clerk Subject Object

  44. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) The clerk did not give him proper information. Proper information was not given to him by the clerk Subject Object

  45. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) My uncle was driving a car at that time. A car was being driven at that time by my uncle Subject Object

  46. SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c) He can secure the first position in the college. The first position in the college can be secured by him. Subject Object

  47. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) • Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. • He has published the book recently. • She is making tea. • They will open a new shop shortly. • He can repair this machine. • We should help the poor. • Rama is reading a story.

  48. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. The Ramayana was written by Valmiki Subject Object

  49. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) He has published the book recently. The book has recently been published by him Subject Object

  50. SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c) She is making tea. Tea is being made by her Subject Object

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