Stage 36

1. Stage 36 Grammar: Present, Imperfect, & Pluperfect Subjunctive - Active & Passive Word Order Word Combinations Culture: Recitationes "It is disgraceful to make trifling stuff difficult, and hard work on frivolities is stupid.“ -Martial

2. Culture: recitationes Most Latin literature was designed to be read, but many authors chose to present their work to a listening audience prior to it being published. Poets, like modern street performers, often chose a public place (street corner, a barber shop, colonnade in the forum, patron’s house) to recite their poetry first. A writer’s first reading, however, would be in a comfortable setting with the writer’s patron present, along with the patron’s family, or his close friends. The public reading of a writer’s work was called the recitātio. A special hall or audītōrium might be rented for the public reading of an author’s work.

3. Culture: recitationes The person who gave the reading was called the recitātor. This person was typically the writer himself who wore a fresh toga and sat to do the reading. The expenses for the event would be taken care of by the writer or his patron. Although there were exceptions, the writer himself typically read the work. The introduction to the work was called the praefatio. The recital might continue on to other days per the interest of the listeners. Public readings helped the audience to decide whether or not to buy an author’s work. Public readings were important to an author because they allowed him to publicize his work without the expense of publishing many copies of his book.

4. Culture: recitationes Virgil’s patron was the Emperor Augustus. He incorporated Augustus’ nephew, Marcellus, into the story. Not satisfied with what he had written, Virgil’s dying wish was that the Aeneid be destroyed.

5. Present Subjunctive • Study the following examples: • Tam iratus est ut e sella surgat et ad scaenam se praecipitare conetur. • He is so angry that he gets up from his seat and tries to hurl himself at the stage.

6. Present Subjunctive • Study the following examples: • Auditores nobis imperant ut taceamus. • The listeners are ordering us to be quiet. • Scio quis sis. • I know who you are.

7. Present Subjunctive Practice • Cognoscere velim quid ille faber aedificet. • I would like to find out what that craftsman is building. • Tantum est scelus ut omnes servi puniantur. • So great is the crime that all the slaves are being punished.

8. Practice Examples • In agris cotidie laboro ut cibum liberis meis praebeam. • I work in the fields everyday to provide food for my children. • Vobis impero ut ex urbe statim egrediamini. • I order you to leave the city at once.

9. Practice Examples • Non intellegimus quare tam iratus sit. • We do not understand why he is so angry. • Rogo ut mihi hos libellos dones. • I ask that you give me these books.

10. Present Subjunctive • The Present Subjunctive is indicated by a vowel change: • Indicative Subjunctive • conaturconetur • aedificataedificet • donasdones • tacemustaceamus • praebempraebeam • surgitsurgat • puniunturpuniantur • egrediminiegrediamini • es sis • est sit

11. Present Subjunctive • The Present Subjunctive is indicated by a vowel change: • First Conjugation – A to E • Second Conjugation – E to EA • Third Conjugation – I to A • Fourth Conjugation – I to IA

12. Present Indicative and Subjunctive • Indicative First conjugation Active Passive Porto Portor Portas Portaris Portat Portatur Portamus Portamur Portatis Portamini Portant Portantur • Subjunctive First conjugation Active Passive Portem Porter Portes Porteris Portet Portetur Portemus Portemur Portetis Portemini Portent portentur

13. Present Indicative and Subjunctive • Indicative Second Conjugation Active Passive Doceo Doceor Doces, Doceris Etc. Etc. Third Conjugation Active Passive Traho Trahor Trahis etc. Traheris • Subjunctive Second Conjugation Active Passive Doceam Docear Doceas Docearis Etc. Etc. Third Conjugation Active Passive Traham Trahar Trahas,etc. Traharis

14. Present and Indicative Subjunctive • Indicative Third-io Conjugation Active Passive Capio Capior Capis Capieris Etc. Etc. Fourth Conjugation Active Passive Audio Audior Audis,etc Audiris • Subjunctive Third-io Conjugation Active Passive Capiam Capiar Capias Capiaris Etc. Etc. Fourth Conjugation Active Passive Audiam Audiar Audias,etc Audiaris

15. Present indicative and Subjunctive of the being verb: • Indicative • sum • es • est • sumus • estis • sunt • Subjunctive • sim • sis • sit • simus • sitis • sint

16. Compare the active and passive forms of the imperfect subjunctive: • Active: • Portarem • Portares • Portaret • Portaremus • Portaretis • Portarent • Passive: • Portarer • Portareris • Portaretur • Portaremur • Portaremini • Portarentur

17. Imperfect Subjunctive • The Imperfect Subjunctive is a simple formula: • Infinitive + ending • portarem • doceres • traheret • capiremus • audiretis • portarent

18. Practice: • haec verba plausimus ne Imperator offenderetur. • We applauded these words so the emporer would not be offended.

19. Practice: • prope arcum steti ut animad verterer. • I stood near the arch to be noticed.

20. Practice: • Domitianus imperavit ut uxor relegaretur. • Domitian ordered that his wife be exiled/his wife to be exiled.

21. Practice: • amici nostri nesciverunt quare puniremur. • Our friends do not know why we were being punished.

22. Practice: • rhetorem adeo vexavisti ut domum mittereris. • You annoyed the rhetor so much that you were send home.

23. Pluperfect Subjunctive Review: Pluperfect Subjunctive = perfect stem+ imperfect subjunctive of sum slightly respelled; i.e., initial e- becomes –i.

24. Practice: • rhetorem adeo vexavisti ut domum mittereris. • You annoyed the rhetor so much that you were send home.