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STUDY OF COAL USAGE IN INDONESIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES AS BASIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR EMISSION STANDARD DETERMINATION by Kania Dewi Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung - Indonesia. Background. Ambient air quality should be maintained

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  1. STUDY OF COAL USAGE IN INDONESIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES AS BASIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR EMISSION STANDARD DETERMINATIONbyKania DewiFaculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitut Teknologi Bandung - Indonesia

  2. Background • Ambient air quality should be maintained • Point sources such as stack textile boilers contribute significant emissions • The increase use of coal as alternative source of energy due to the sharp raise of oil and gas fuel price in Indonesia. • Indonesia has abundant amounts of coal storage • Government policy in energy field to use coal as alternative energy for replacing liquid fuel • No emission standard for textile coal boilers has been specified by the Indonesian Government

  3. Indonesian Coal SourcesBackground Case Study: Textile Industries in Bandung Metropolitan City

  4. Objective • Identifying coal usage in textile industries • Coal usage as energy source • Textile coal boiler and air pollution control • Emission from coal boiler including historical data • Coal, fly ash and bottom ash characteristics • Fly ash and bottom ash management • Preliminary emission factor determination • Identifying basic factors which influence emission standard determination Method • Gathering Primary and Secondary Data • Field visit in textile industries for spreading questionnaires and doing interviews to gather information related to the coal usage • Stack sampling in two selected textile industries for approximated emission factor determination. • Collection of coal, fly ash and bottom ash samples for coal and coal ash characteristic determination • Laboratory analysis • Data analysis

  5. General Condition of Textile IndustriesResult(Case Study: Bandung Metropolitan City) Number of Samples : 300 textile industries Production Type Other Information

  6. Coal Usage in Textile Industries Result Energy Source Coal Sources Boiler Type Coal Ashes Production Source: Questionnaire data for textile industries in Bandung Metropolitan, 2005

  7. Air Pollution Control Result Coal fired boiler Wet Scrubber Source: from textile industries in Bandung Metropolitan, 2005

  8. Emission from Textile BoilerResult • Problem • validity data, not accredited lab • no specific regulation for lab • reporting data • no specific emission standard for • coal textile boilers Source: Monitoring data from textile industries in Bandung Metropolitan, data 2004-2005

  9. Coal and Its Ash Characteristics Result Coal Characteristic Ash Characteristic Source: Data from Center for Investigation and Development of Mineral Technology and Coal, 2005

  10. Coal and Its Ash Characteristics Result Ultimate Analysis

  11. Ash Characteristics Result Source: Solid and Hazardous Waste Laboratory - Environmental Engineering ITB

  12. Coal Ashes Handling Result Coal ash is stored inside the factory (no license for storage from the government) Coal Ashes Taken by coal supplier according to the contract Coal ash is used as substance to make paving block

  13. Result Emission Sampling Air Emission Sampling in Selected Textile Industry Calculation of Air Pollution Emission Factor Based on Air Emission Sampling Source: Emission Sampling by Air Quality Laboratory – Environmental Engineering ITB

  14. Emission Standard Consideration Result • Coal quality as input solid fuel • Compliance ability, including considering best available technology • Boiler capacity, fuel type, boiler technology/combustion type, unit control availability • Data validity • Accredited laboratory for emission/ambient monitoring • Historical data monitoring from textile boilers

  15. Conclusion • Diversification of energy source is a must, coal is a good alternative. • Many textile industries in Metropolitan Bandung have started to use coal, a cheaper solid fuel, as the source of energy. • Various coal types are used in textile industries, no collective system exists for buying the same type of coal. • Various coal quality leads to various strength of emissions. • No certain system for handling coal ashes. • Accredited laboratory should be available for emission sampling. • Standardization of lab reporting emission data is needed to gain more information during stack sampling. • The concentration of pollutants derived from stack sampling if reported with supporting data is able to be used for emission factor determination. • Specific emission standard for coal textile boilers should be determined.

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