"Something hidden. Go and find it. Go and look behind the Ranges –

1. "Something hidden. Go and find it. Go and look behind the Ranges – Something lost behind the Ranges. Lost and waiting for you. Go!" Rudyard Kipling - The Explorer

2. Using Buckles Plots to Aid Log Analysis By Kenneth Chaivre Wednesday June 25, 2008

3. PROBLEMS WITH ROUTINE LOG ANALYSIS • High Sw wells may produce gas with very little or no water • Low Sw wells produce water or fail to produce. • Similar looking wells produce differently. • Leads to Changing “m” and “n”

4. Review of R. S. Buckles Paper - 1965 • Part of Volumetric Calculation is Ø * (1-SW) • Ø * (1-SW) = Ø – Ø*SW • Buckles showed that Ø * SW irr is a constant • (Ø * SW is the Buckles Number • or Bulk Volume Water) • For Hand Calculations Ø – Constant is a quick and easy way to calculate Ø * (1-SW) • Showed that Ø * SW is related to grain size.

5. Fine Grain SWirr Transition High Perm Coarse Grain Low Perm BUCKLES PLOT Transition

6. Parameters for Plot

7. BVW vs Grain Size and Lithology

8. Uses of the Buckles Plot • Identify Swirr Zones for Analysis • i.e. Calculate Capillary Pressure • Identify One Type of Low Resistivity Pay • Identify Stratigraphic Flow Units • Environments of Deposition

9. Calculations with Swirr • If Swirr is Known and • If Permeability (k) can be estimated then • Capillary Pressure (Pc) can be estimated • Pc= (19.5*Swirr^-1.7)*(k/100*Phie)^-0.45 • Height Above Free Water (H) can be calculated • H= (.35 for gas)*(Pc) • H= (.7 for medium oil) * (Pc)

10. Capillary Pressure • Pore Throat Radius (r) can be calculated • r = (108.1) / Pc • Winland r35 Values– delineate commercial hydrocarbon reservoirs • R35 = 5.395 * ((K^0.588)/(100*PHIE^0.864)) • R35 < 0.5μm (microns) – Tight • R35 > 0.5μm (microns) – Will Flow

11. BUCKLES IN PRACTICEDEPTH TO FREE WATER

12. Structure –Carthage CVS G

13. ZONES SELECTED FOR H free water

14. MAUDE #13ZONES FOR DEPTH TO FREE WATER

15. RESULTS OF DEPTH TO FREE WATER

16. FREE WATER - CVS G 200 – 400 FT DOWNDIP

17. Low Resistivity Pay Zonesvery fined grained rocks have high bound water

18. ASHTON 2 UNIT #10 CVS F

19. ASHTON 2 UNIT #10 CVS F BUCKLES BVW 0.049

20. RESULTS - 677mcf & 8.6 bw

21. STARR CO - FROST FIELD

22. STARR CO-VXBG

23. STARR CO - VXBG

24. STARR CO – VXBG - NOT PERFD

25. STARR CO – VXBG – NOT PERFD

26. IDENTIFY FLOW UNITS

27. PETER 2 UNIT #10 CVS F

28. PETER 2 UNIT #10 – CVS F

29. COTTON VALLEY FIELDWebster Parish, Louisiana

30. FIRST BANK OF PD - S Sarepta Field

31. FIRST BANK OF PD 17 BCF

32. CLEMONS – UTZ GRAY

33. CLEMONS – UTZ GRAY

34. CLEMONS – 1ST GRAY

35. CLEMONS – 1ST GRAY

36. CLEMONS - UTZ VS 1ST GRAY 1ST GRAY UTZ

37. CLEMONS – 3RD GRAY Thin Beds

38. CARTHAGE FIELDENVIRONMENTS OF DEPOSITION

39. CARTHAGE - TYPE LOG

40. From Xindi Wang

41. CARTHAGE – CVS G Structure

42. CARTHAGE BVW G with Structure Blue – 0.02 Red – 0.04

43. Cotton Valley Sand Wave reworked deltaic shoreline. Fine grained argillaceous sandstones Late Cotton Valley Time

44. CARTHAGE BVW G with Structure Blue – 0.02 Red – 0.04

45. MAUDE #4 LOG

46. MAUDE #4

47. CALLOW #9 LOG

48. CALLOW #9

49. MAUDE #4 – CALLOW #9

50. CVS G Qgas vs BVW Qgas – from Production Logs Fewer points BVW Channel? In area of poorer production.