Copy the following chart on Portfolio p119

1. Copy the following chart on Portfolio p119 Write a brief description of each of the following: 1. Ulysses S. Grant: 2. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson: 3. Battle of Shiloh: 4. Fall of New Orleans: 5. Seven Days’ Battles: 6. Battle of Antietam: 7. Robert E. Lee: 8. George McClellan: 9: Lee’s 3 reason’s for invading the North:

2. Lesson 16.3: No End in Sight

3. Essential Question What events occurred during the first months that seemed if they would prolong the war ?

4. Vocabulary critical : the nature of a crisis; serious or dangerous; extremely important casualties : persons in the armed forces who are killed, wounded, or missing in action invade : to enter as an enemy, by force, in order to conquer or plunder. prolong : to add length to or make last longer; extend, draw out

5. What we already know… Robert E. Lee had resigned from the Union army and had offered his services to the Confederacy.

6. What we already know… The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run made many in the North doubt whether the war could be won.

7. What we already know… The union strategy called for a coastal blockade. Control of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two. Third, to take the Confederate capital of Richmond

8. Union Victories in the West Commander of Union troops in the West was General Ulysses S. Grant. Grant believed; find your enemy, hit them fast, hit them hard and move on.

9. Union Victories in the West In 1862, Grant captured two Confederate river forts in Tennessee; Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Ft. Henry Ft. Donelson

10. Union Victories in the West Capturing Forts Henry and Donelson opened up a river highway into the heart of the South allowing Union gunboats and supplies to travel on the river as far as south as northern Alabama.

11. Union Victories in the West One week later, Union troops captured Tennessee’s capital, Nashville.

12. The Battle of Shiloh General Albert Sidney Johnston, ordered his Confederate troops to retreat to Mississippi. By early April, Grant had followed Johnston south. Grant set up camp at Pittsburg Landing to wait for additional troops from Nashville.

13. The Battle of Shiloh Johnston decided to take the offensive and attack the Union troops before their reinforcements could arrive. On April 6, 1862, the Confederates surprised the Union troops near Shiloh Church.

14. The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen. It was a Union victory, but costly to both sides.

15. The Battle of Shiloh The number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000. The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of 41,000 soldiers.

16. The Battle of Shiloh Congress was shocked by the number of Union causalities at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal. Lincoln Simply replied, “I need this man - he fights.”

17. A and B Discuss In what ways were the early victories led by Ulysses Grant part of the strategy planned out by the North?

18. The Fall Of New Orleans In April 1862, the Confederacy a took another blow when the Union fleet, led by Admiral David Farragut, captured New Orleans, the largest city in the South.

19. The Fall Of New Orleans Only a 150-mile stretch of the Mississippi remained in Southern hands. The Union was well on its way to achieving its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two. Shiloh Vicksburg New Orleans

20. The Fall Of New Orleans But guarding the remaining stretch of the Mississippi was the heavily armed Confederate fort at Vicksburg.

21. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

22. Where did Ulysses S. Grant win three important victories in the West? A. Shiloh B.Fort Sumter C. Fort Henry D. New Orleans E. Fort Donelson (Select all that are true.)

23. Why was the Battle of Shiloh considered a costly victory for the North? A. They had to split their troops between Nashville and Shiloh. B. They used all available ammunition and could not move farther south. C. They won, but had 13,000 causalities. D. Congress had not given prior approval to the plan and demanded Grant’s resignation. E. Because of the delay at Shiloh, they could not get to New Orleans on time.

24. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans important to the Union cause? A .These victories established a tighter naval blockade of the Confederate coast. B.They helped the Union gain foreign support from Britain and France. C. They meant the North was nearer its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two. D. It meant the end of slavery in those territories.

25. Lee Claims Victories in the East In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took command of the Army of Northern Virginia and began to turn things around.

26. Lee Claims Victories in the East One of the first things Lee did was to send Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army to find out its size. Stuart‘s men rode around the whole Union army in a few days and reported its size back to Lee

27. Lee Claims Victories in the East With the information from Stuart, Lee tattacked McClellan’s army. The two sides clashed for a week, from June 25 to July 1, 1862, in what became known as the Seven Days’ Battles.

28. Lee Claims Victories in the East In late August, the Confederates won a second victory at Bull Run. Union troops withdrew back to Washington. Within just a few months, Lee had ended the Union threat in Virginia

29. Lee Invades the North After his series of victories, General Lee turned his troops northward to invade the Union. He hoped a victory in the North, might cause Lincoln to talk peace. He also hoped the invasion would give Virginia farmers a break from the war during harvest season.

30. Lee Invades the North Lee also hoped the invasion would convince France and England that the Confederacy could indeed win the war thus getting their support. In addition the European textile industry was now hurting from the lack of Southern cotton.

31. Lee Invades the North People in Britain and France were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, but their political leaders were not yet convinced the Confederacy could win independence.

32. Lee Invades the North Lee wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis and told him of his plans to invade the northern states . Without waiting for Davis’s response, Lee crossed the Potomac with his army and invaded Maryland in early September 1862.

33. Bloody Antietam Just as the Confederate forces were beginning their invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a copy of Lee’s battle plans wrapped around a bundle of cigars that were left behind at an abandoned Confederate campsite.

34. Bloody Antietam With a copy of Lee’s plans in his hand General McClellan launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army.

35. Bloody Antietam McClellan went on the attack, though he moved slowly as always. On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland, McClellan’s army clashed with Lee’s. The resulting Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single day in all of American history

36. Bloody Antietam By nightfall neither side gained any ground, the only difference was that about 25,000 men were dead or wounded. Lee, who lost as much as one-third of his fighting force, withdrew to Virginia.

37. Bloody Antietam McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army. President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan.

38. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

39. What was the result of the Seven Days’ Battles? A. Union forces scored their first victory against Lee. B. Confederates turned back the Union effort to take Richmond. C. Ulysses Grant replaced McClellan. D. Fort Donelson and Fort Henry fell.

40. Why did Lee decide to invade the North? A. Victory on Union soil might force Lincoln to talk peace. B. Winning battles on Union soil would bring him personal glory. C. A successful invasion might convince Europe to side with the South. D. Moving the fighting into Maryland would give Virginia farmers a rest during the harvest (Choose the one that does not apply)

41. Which of the following are true about the battle of Antietam? A. France and England gave their support to the Confederacy. B. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too cautious. C. It was the bloodiest single day in all of American history. D. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force. E. McClellan knew of Lee’s battle plan. F. Lee retreated from Maryland.

42. A and B Discuss What factor ,or factors do you think prolonged the war that in the beginning most people thought would be over in three months?