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Earth’s Surface

Earth’s Surface . Erosion. Erosion - the process that wears down and carries away rocks and soil. Vocabulary. Erosion. Gravity acts as a force of erosion by causing a mass movement Mass movement- a process that moves sediment down a hill There are 4 ways a mass movement may occur.

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Earth’s Surface

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  1. Earth’s Surface Erosion

  2. Erosion- the process that wears down and carries away rocks and soil Vocabulary

  3. Erosion • Gravity acts as a force of erosion by causing a mass movement • Mass movement- a process that moves sediment down a hill There are 4 ways a mass movement may occur

  4. Mass Movement • Landslide- a rapid movement of large amounts of rock and soil

  5. Mass Movement • Mudflow- a rapid downhill movement of a mixture of water, rock and soil

  6. Mass Movement • Slump- mass of rock and soil suddenly slips down a slope • This is different from a landslide because it comes down in one large mass

  7. Mass Movement • Creep- a very slow movement of rock and soil • Usually creeps cause objects to sit at unusual angles

  8. Water Erosion • Stream- a channel along which water continually flows • River- a large stream usually forming from several streams flowing together

  9. Features of Streams • Flood Plain- a flat area along a stream that is entirely covered only during times of floods • Meander- the winding and bending of a stream as it erodes the land • Only older streams do this • Oxbow Lake- when sediment builds up, cutting off the meander from the rest of the river, causing a separate, curved lake

  10. Water Erosion • Fast moving rivers that are straight and narrow cut steep slopes and create a V-shaped valley • Example- Grand Canyon

  11. Grand Canyon

  12. Water Erosion • Waterfall- a river cuts through soft rock faster than hard rock • Example- Niagara Falls

  13. Niagara Falls

  14. Groundwater Erosion • A form of chemical erosion • Makes caves and sinkholes • CAVE- limestone erodes away, leaving behind a dry narrow passage • SINKHOLE- weakened limestone where the entire portion of the ground suddenly collapses

  15. Glaciers erode land in 2 ways Plucking- as a glacier flows over land it picks up rocks Abrasion- gauges and scratches in rocks as a glacier drags across land Causes large, bowl shaped valleys called cirques Cuts U-shaped valleys in landforms May leave behind large, cold glacial lakes Glacial Erosion

  16. Wind Erosion • Deflation- wind picks up and carries away small particles • The faster the wind, the larger the particles it can carry Example- Sand dunes

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