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Viruses

Viruses. Chapter 2.1 . No, not this kind! The kind that make you really physically sick. What are Viruses ? . non-living particle, no living characteristics not a cell invades and multiplies inside a living cell does not use energy to grow or respond to surroundings

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Viruses

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  1. Viruses Chapter 2.1 No, not this kind! The kind that make you really physically sick.

  2. What are Viruses? • non-living particle, no living characteristics • not a cell • invades and multiplies inside a living cell • does not use energy to grow or respond to surroundings • needs a “Host” a source of energy (you) for the virus to multiply • acts like a parasite, causing harm to the host

  3. Naming Viruses • After a disease they caused • Poliomyelitis • Organisms they infect • Bacteriophage – a virus infecting bacteria • A place they are found • Scientists who discover them • Polio-an infectious disease, causing motor problems, paralysis

  4. Viruses Multiply Active Viruses • Makes copy after copy of new viruses • Host releases viruses Hidden Viruses • Sits in host • Inactive • All at once becomes active • Cold sore • Stress • Hides again

  5. 5. Viruses and Living World Can cause • Disease • Death • Harm to plants and animals Can be helpful to • Scientists • Gene therapy • Medical treatment

  6. BACTERIA

  7. Two types of cells • Eukaryotic Cell • Contains a nucleus • More evolved cell • protists, fungi, animals, plants • Prokaryotic Cell • Contains NO nucleus • Primitive (older) cell • BACTERIA

  8. Bacteria Cells Spherical Rod Spiral • Discovered by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s • Unicellular organisms that contain • CYTOPLASM -Holds everything • RIBOSOMES-Produce Proteins • Come in three shapes

  9. Bacteria contains FLAGELLUM: a tail that helps them to move

  10. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria Bacteria uses Respiration: breaking down food to release energy 1. Archeabacteria • “Ancient” bacteria • Survives in extreme temperatures • Earth’s earliest life forms. 2. Eubacteria • Do not live in extreme environments • Millions live in your body • Adds oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere

  11. Two Types of Bacterial Reproduction Asexual Reproduction– Reproduction with only 1 parent with offspring identical to parent • Binary Fission – One bacteria cell divides to form two identical cells

  12. Sexual Reproduction– • 2 parents combine genetic material to form a new, different offspring • Conjugation – One bacterium transfers genetic material to another bacterium through a thin bridge

  13. Bacteria Survival Needs Food • AUTOTROPHS • Makes their own food • Uses sun’s energy • Chemical substances • HETEROTROPHS • Can’t make its own food • Consumes autotrophs • Consumes other heterotrophs algae Food chain

  14. Uses of Bacteria 1. Fuel: • methane gas 2. Food: • cucumbers to pickles • milk to buttermilk 3. Environmental Recycling • Decomposers break down dead organisms into chemicals 4. Environmental Cleanup 5. Health & Medicine • Antibiotics

  15. Infectious Diseases Illness passing from one organism to another Ch. 2.3 Viruses, Bacteria, and Health Four Ways to get ill Contact with infected person Contaminated object Infected animal Environmental source

  16. Touching Hugging Kissing Can transfer cold sores Sneezes Coughs Flu Through drops of infected moisture in the air Contact with Infected Person

  17. Viruses survive outside of the body Spread on objects Utensils Cups Toothbrushes Cell Phones iPods Computers Contaminated food/water lip gloss, chapstick, sharing or trading food Contact with Contaminated Object

  18. Animal bites Rabies West Nile Virus Ticks Mosquitoes Mosquitoes West Nile Virus Contact with an Animal

  19. Salmonella Bacteria Food poisoning Eggs, poultry, meat Botulism Food poisoning Bacteria making a toxin Contact with Environmental Sources

  20. VIRAL AIDS ChickenPox Flu Measles Polio Rabies BACTERIAL Food Poisioning Lyme Disease Strep Throat Tetanus (lockjaw) Tuberculosis Common Infectious Diseases Vaccines: substance stimulates production of chemicals to prevent the spread of infectious disease

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