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Explore the impact of new technology like windmills and railroads on the changing frontier, the conflicts in Native American Wars, and the struggle for civil rights for Native Americans. Discover the role of cowboys, women settlers, and the rise of the Wild West. Learn about the failures and consequences of government policies like the Dawes Act. Gain insights into the ongoing fight for justice through movements like the American Indian Movement.
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Ch. 9-4: New Technology • Windmills helped pump water • Barbed wire fences est. land boundaries • Steel plow helped break up the sod • Railroads brought goods West
Changing Frontier • Great Plains- Native Americans forced into the plains in the early 1800’s now being forced out with U.S. Expansion • Mining Frontier- Gold found in Colorado & California
Cattle Frontier • Cowboys drove cattle from Texas to Abilene, Kansas • Ranchers and Farmers constantly fought over land • Rise of the Wicky Wild Wild West
Frontier Life • Women played a key role in the settlement of the west. • 1890 U.S. officially declared the frontier no longer exist • Frontier was a safety valve, and democratized America
Native American Wars • Natives relied on Buffalo for their main source of food • Treaties continued to be signed and broken by the U.S. Govt. • Late 1800’s Govt. & Indians finally clashed
Little Bighorn River • Crazy Horse led Sioux warriors against Col. Custer in 1876 • Custer and 210 soldiers killed • Wounded Knee Creek- U.S. govt. killed over 300 Sioux in 1890
Chief Joseph- led the Nez Perce Indians and begged for his people to be left alone • Reservation- area of fixed boundaries for Native Americans alone
Reasons for Failures • Natives fought as groups not as one force • Tribes were small • U.S. Army was larger and had more advanced weapons
Dawes Act 1887 • Govt. gave 160 acres of land to the head of households • Indians are traditionally hunters not farmers • Most sold or rented the land to whites • Goal was to Americanize the Indians
Civil Rights for Natives • Dawes Act did very little • Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)- was very corrupt • Most Natives lived in poverty on the reservations
American Indian Movement- tried to achieve some compensation for the Natives in the 1970’s • Courts are rewarding tribes lost land and Casino rights today