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Algae – its role, species and production requirements

Algae – its role, species and production requirements. Role of algae in aquaculture. First link in the chain of live food manufacture and nutrition. Culture diet for rotifers Enrichment diet for rotifers Green water technique Provides a direct source of nutrition for larvae

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Algae – its role, species and production requirements

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  1. Algae – its role, species and production requirements Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  2. Role of algae in aquaculture • First link in the chain of live food manufacture and nutrition. • Culture diet for rotifers • Enrichment diet for rotifers • Green water technique • Provides a direct source of nutrition for larvae • Provides background rotifer feeding • Other zootechnical benefits Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  3. Role of algae in the green water larval rearing technique • An anti-bacterial agent • In situ biological filter and producer of oxygen • Light filter • Promoter in the location of prey organisms • Stimulation of enzymatic synthesis and onset of feeding in young larvae Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  4. Practical usage of algae in the hatchery • Maintenance of master/stock rotifer cultures • Feeding or co-feeding of rotifer mass cultures • Enrichment diet for rotifers prior to feeding the larvae • Used in the larval rearing tanks as “Green water techniques” Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  5. Species commonly used in aquaculture (a) • Chlorophyceae – green algae • Chlorella salina (8 μm) • Chlorella sp. • Dunaliella sp. • Nannochloris atomus (4 μm) • Prasinophyceae – greenish coloured algae • Tetraselmis chui (14 μm) • Tetraselmis suecica ( 12μm) • Eustigmatophyceae – greenish yellow algae • Nannochloropsis oculata ( 3 μm) • Nannochloropsis sp. (4 μm) • Nannochloropsis gaditana (4 μm) Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  6. Species commonly used in aquaculture (b) • Prymnesiophyceae - golden brown flagellates • Isochrysis galbana (7 μm) • Isochrysis sp. (Tahitian) (9 μm) • Monochrysis • Pavlova lutheri (7 μm) • Cryptophyceae – naked flagellates • Rhodomonas sp. (17 μm) • Chroomonas salina (17 μm) • Bacillariophyceae – diatoms • Chaetoceros calcitrans (5 μm) • Skeletonema costatum (9 μm) • Thalassiosira pseudonana (9 μm) Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  7. Various algal species(CCAP-M, Oban) Chaetoceros sp. Nannochloropsis salina CCAP849/2 Dunaliella Rhinomonas reticulata var reticulata (‘Rhodomonas’) CCAP 995/2 Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  8. Sources of algae • CCAP Culture collection of algae and protozoa, Oban, UK. www.ife.ac.uk/ccap/ • Algobank Microalgae Strain Bank, Universite de Caen, France. www.unicaen.fr • SAG Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Gottingen, Germany www.gwdg.de/~botanik/phykolgia • CCMP Provasoli-Guillard National Centre for culture of marine phytoplankton, Westboothbay harbour ME, USA. http://ccmp.bigelow.org • UTEX Culture collection of algae at the univesity of Texas at Austin www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  9. Hatchery - Algae requirements Sea bream General assumptions 1) Av. daily algal consumption/m3 larval volume (L) 20 2) Av daily requirement per 100M rotifer production (L) 100 3) Algal production volume/m3 daily production (m3) 6,7 Annual production target (2g juveniles) Requirements 2.000.000 4.000.000 6.000.000 10.000.000 Initial larval rearing vol (m3) 62 123 185 308 Daily larval algae requirement (m3) 1,23 2,46 3,69 6,15 Daily rotifer production (M) 615 1231 1846 3077 Daily rotifer algae requirement (m3) 0,62 1,23 1,85 3,08 Total daily algal production (m3) 1,8 3,7 5,5 9,2 Algal production volume needed (m3) 12 25 37 61 No of 0.5m3 bags needed 28 56 54 50 No of 4m3 tanks required 0 0 4 12 Total algal production volume (m3) 14 28 43 73 Calculating algal requirements Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  10. Calculating the volume of algae required for rotifer production.(6 million juveniles at 20 x 106 cells/ml Nannochloropsis) • Stock cultures • Approx. 150 - 300 litres per day • Mass cultures • Using algae and yeast there is an average daily requirement of 100 litres of algae for every 100 million rotifers produced. • A 6 million hatchery would use 2 x 109 rotifers per day => 2m3 of algae per day. (3 production runs of 2 mill) • Rotifer enrichment. • If all the rotifers were enriched at 2million/ml need 1m3 of tank space and at least 1m3 of algae. Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  11. Calculating the volume of algae required for green water larval rearing (6 million juveniles at 20 x 106 cells/ml Nannochloropsis) • 20 L of algae per m3 of larval rearing per day at 20 x 106 cells/ml • A 6 million production hatchery will have approximately 185 m3 of larval rearing. • Daily larval rearing requirement of 3.7 m3 Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  12. Daily algal requirement Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  13. Typical cell densities achieved Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  14. Algal culture techniques Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  15. Fluorescent shelf and overhead metal halide lighting Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  16. Transparent walls and lighting Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  17. Shelf lighting Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  18. Under shelf and side lighting Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  19. Fluorescent sack lighting Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  20. Natural light greenhouse structures Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  21. Indoor bag cultures Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  22. High density culture systems Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

  23. Photo-bioreactor algal culture Live food aquaculture training course www.aquatrain.org

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