1920s and 30s The Great Depression

1. 1920s and 30sThe Great Depression Review

2. This was the name given to the period of fear of communism in the U.S. following WWI. • The Red Scare

3. Who were the targets of the Palmer Raids? • Suspected radicals and communists

4. This Tennessee court case highlighted the conflict between traditional and modern ideas. • The Scopes Trial

5. This great American poet was a product of the Harlem Renaissance. • Langston Hughes

6. A quiet, handsome hero, this man was the first to solo across the Atlantic. He later created controversy by taking a strongly isolationist position prior to U.S. entry into WWII. • Charles Lindbergh

7. His assembly line techniques made automobiles more affordable. • Henry Ford

8. This African American political figure founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. • Marcus Garvey

9. During the 1920’s, federal regulatory agencies became increasingly dominated by businessmen. Consequently, reforms from this earlier era were being distorted to help business. • Progressive Era

10. Being a follower of this religion may have cost Alfred Smith the 1928 election to Hoover. • Catholicism

11. Overproduction and a drop in foreign demand led to trouble in this “growing” industry in the 1920s. • Agriculture

12. Angry homeless people referred to their shantytowns by this term. • Hoovervilles

13. What was Roosevelt’s main reason for rejecting the idea of federal aid to individuals? • Nothing! Hoover objected to it, but FDR did not.

14. Name three specific details about the New Deal given by FDR in the 1932 campaign. • There • Were • None

15. For what reason was the Bonus Army protesting? • Payment of bonuses promised to them as veterans of WWI

16. This labor organization formed during the 1930’s in response to a desire by workers to form industry-wide unions. • Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

17. In order of implementation, what are the three “R’s” of the New Deal? • Relief • Recovery • Reform

18. A key objective of the National Recovery Administration was to develop codes of fair competition in business. What congressional act created the NRA? • National Industrial Recovery Act

19. Which Supreme Court case ruled the NIRA (NRA) unconstitutional because it regulated intrastate commerce? • Schechter v. U.S.

20. This act provided for collective bargaining for labor. • National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

21. Under this program, farmers were paid to destroy crops and livestock to increase farm prices. • Agricultural Adjustment Act

22. What term was given to FDR’s attempt to “reform” the Supreme Court? • Court Packing

23. Although he did not fully embrace the economic philosophy of this man, FDR did reluctantly adopt his concept of deficit spending. • John Maynard Keynes

24. This Louisiana political boss wanted to “soak the rich” and make “every man a king.” • Huey Long

25. Which two New Deal programs were ruled unconstitutional? • NIRA (the NRA portion) • AAA

26. What action by FDR would have most troubled the Founding Fathers on legal grounds? • Attempting to pack the court to better serve his needs

27. What new type of stores were 1920’s consumers flocking to because of variety of products and seemingly affordable payment plans? • Department/Chain Stores

28. What percentage of the American workforce was unemployed at the height of the Depression? • 25%

29. By November of 1929, $30 billion had been lost from this financial institution. • The stock market

30. President Hoover was against granting this kind of aid for those suffering from the Depression. • Direct Federal Government Assistance • He thought that local governments should dole out relief

31. Many bought stock in this manner, rather than paying for it all up front. • Buying on margin

32. This Republican president was widely blamed for the Great Depression. • Herbert Hoover

33. Name two leading causes of the Great Depression. • Easy Credit • Unbalanced Foreign Trade • Mechanization of Industry • Uneven Distribution of Income

34. What kept most Americans from wanting to accept aid from the government during the Depression? • Pride

35. This New Deal program hired unmarried males to work in forestry projects. • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

36. This was the name given to the day on which the Stock Market ultimately crashed. • Black Tuesday • The previous Thursday (“Black Thursday”) set the crash in motion, but history remembers Tuesday the 29th as the day of infamy.

37. In terms of political philosophy, which party tended to desire the least change? • Republicans • Known as the political “right” or right wing

38. Whose social/economic program was referred to as the New Deal? • Franklin Delano Roosevelt

39. Shanty towns of the poor during the depression were known by this name. • Hoovervilles

40. He was a radio preacher who was critical of FDR and spoke out in favor of Hitler. • Father Charles Coughlin

41. In order, what are the three “R’s” of the New Deal? • Relief • Recovery • Reform

42. Through what form of media did Americans receive FDR’s “Fireside Chats”? • Radio

43. This natural disaster added to the misery of Southern and Midwestern farmers during the Depression. • The Dust Bowl • A severe prolonged drought that left the soil dry and unable to sustain crops

44. Who asserted that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself?” • FDR

45. In terms of political philosophy, which party tended to desire more change, sometimes even radical change? • Democrats • Known as the political “left” or left wing

46. This name refers to the initial flurry of New Deal laws and agencies formed at the start of FDR’s presidency. • The (First) Hundred Days

47. Under which of the 3 R’s would the Securities and Exchange Commission be included? • Reform

48. This New Deal legislation followed the Bank Holiday and provided for federal bank inspectors. • The Emergency Banking Act

49. Many of the New Deal programs were developed by these informal advisors to FDR. • The Brain Trust

50. For what was the Bonus Army protesting? • Payment of bonuses promised to them as veterans of WWI