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A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)

Intro Italy Mussolini Germany Weimar Republic Inflation Hitler’s Rise Dawes Plan Nazis in Power Economics Anti-Semitism. Key Terms Fascist Reforms Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf New Economic Policy Nuremberg Laws Final Solution. A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s). Italy.

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A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)

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  1. Intro Italy Mussolini Germany Weimar Republic Inflation Hitler’s Rise Dawes Plan Nazis in Power Economics Anti-Semitism Key Terms Fascist Reforms Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf New Economic Policy Nuremberg Laws Final Solution A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)

  2. Italy • Journalist & reformer: Fascist Leader • Chaos in Italy after WWI; he came to power • Following a military coup, became Italy’s leader: 1922-43 Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

  3. Black Shirts(Mussolini’s Personal Military Squad)

  4. Fascist Propaganda Mussolini’s headquarters in Rome; his face is larger than life (si = Italian for “yes”)

  5. Once In Office…(“Buy Italian Campaign” shows Nationalism)

  6. Fascist Reforms(1920s) • Lateran Pact-(between Pope & Mussolini) made Catholicism the state religion. • Broad system of public works projects (jobs). • All opposition was crushed. • Women were encouraged to have large families & discouraged from work outside the home.

  7. Weimar Republic Name of Germany’s government after WWI. It was a republic (people could elect representatives) but allowed for a Dictatorship in a crisis. It was very unstable & unpopular (Versailles Treaty). Germany(1920-33)

  8. Germany’s Great Inflation(1920s) • 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US • 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US • 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US • 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US • Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.

  9. The children show how it took 100,000 Marks to make $1 US when the picture was taken

  10. Germany’s Great Inflation(1920s) • 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US • 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US • 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US • 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US • Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.

  11. Cycle: Reparations & Loans • Germans struggled to make reparations payments • British & French struggled to repay loans to US • Solution: Dawes Plan

  12. Dawes Plan(1924) US Plan • US loaned about $2.6 billion to Germany • Germany paid about $2.4 billion in reparations to the British & French • French & British repaid $2.4 billion in loans to US from WWI • US Stock Market Crash (1929) influences worldwide economic depression

  13. Adolf Hitler’s Rise • Born in Austria • Struggled as an artist • WWI gave him focus; he was injured (1889-1945)

  14. Nazi Party • While working for army he was hired to investigate radical groups • Ended up joining Nazi Party • Party membership grew TEMENDOUSLY

  15. Beer Hall Putsch(1923) • Hitler attempted to seize power • He failed & spent one year in prison

  16. Mein Kampf(My Struggle) • Re-build German army • Re-unification of all German-speaking people • Living-space: Expand German territory in (eastern Europe) • Teutonic Race was master race

  17. Hitler Assumes Power • As economy worsened, Nazi party gained support • In 1933 Hitler was named Chancellor • An attack in February allowed Hitler to suspend civil liberties Nazi Election Poster

  18. Reichstag Fire, February 1933(Following this, Hitler was given dictatorial powers)

  19. New Economic Policy(1930s) • MASSIVE Public Works programs; highway system, etc. • 1932-6 million unemployed • 1934-2.7 million unemployed • Social welfare programs provided aid to families • Massive build-up of German military Hitler Opening Volkswagen Factory

  20. Nuremberg Laws(1930s) German-Jews were robbed of citizenship & were fired from government jobs. Sex & marriage between Jews & non-Jews was outlawed. Goal: Pass (Nuremburg) laws so Jews leave the country. Sign: Do Not Buy From Jews

  21. Anti-Semitism(A Jewish-owned business was bombed: 1938)

  22. Hitler’s Final Solution • Developed 12/7/41- extermination of all Jews

  23. WWII & Holocaust (Links To Maus) The “Noose Tightens” • 1939: Concentrate Jews Ghettos of Poland • 12/41: Final Solution is developed = extermination of all Jews Maus Vol. I, page 82

  24. Holocaust & Hitler’s “Final Solution” 6 million Jews; worldwide Jewish population of 15 million Other victims included: 3.7 million Soviets POWs; homosexuals, disabled, gypsies, & others 12,000/day at Auschwitz Maus Vol. II, page 41

  25. Intro Italy Mussolini Germany Weimar Republic Inflation Hitler’s Rise Dawes Plan Nazis in Power Economics Anti-Semitism Key Terms Fascist Reforms Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf New Economic Policy Nuremberg Laws Final Solution A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)

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