1 / 32

Politics: Expansion in an industrializing Age 1877-1900

Politics: Expansion in an industrializing Age 1877-1900. Chapter 20. Social and Economic Upheaval 1877-1884. Four presidents “squeezed” into office Control of the House of Representatives changed five times 7 western states admitted to Union Incredible voter turnout Two major issues

Download Presentation

Politics: Expansion in an industrializing Age 1877-1900

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Politics: Expansion in an industrializing Age 1877-1900 Chapter 20

  2. Social and Economic Upheaval1877-1884 • Four presidents “squeezed” into office • Control of the House of Representatives changed five times • 7 western states admitted to Union • Incredible voter turnout • Two major issues • Economic Reform • Civil Service Reform • Political statement • Prevailing political ideologies • Campaign tactics • Party patronage

  3. Republicans Democrats • “bloody shirt” • Rural and small town NE, PA, and mid-west • Platform • High tariff • Commitment to Union widow’s pensions • No right of government to regulate corporations • Leaders • Rutherford B. Hayes • James Garfield • Chester Arthur • William McKinley • Revival • South, Urban areas, Immigrants • Against tariff • Opposed prohibition • Defended immigrants • Republican programs excessive use of government • Leaders • Grover Cleveland

  4. Hayes White House • Return of Virtue • Not connected with Grant, corruption • Lemonade Lucy • Hayes “Achievements” • End of Reconstruction • Civil Service reform • NY Custom house • Stalwarts • success

  5. Money Issue • 1870s question • How to create money supply without inflation • Only “trustworthy” money silver and gold • Groups • Expansion of supply • Debtors, farmers • Limiting supply • Bankers, creditors, businessmen, politicians • Questions • Should greenbacks be retained, even expanded? • Panic of 1873 • Greenback Party 1877 • Wanted expanded money supply • Benefits for farmers and workers • Health and safety regulations in the workplace • Supported by labor • Return of prosperity = decline of the party • Silver Debate continued • Demonetized in 1873 • Bland-Allison Act 1878 • Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

  6. Election of 1880: James G. Garfield • Republican • Civil service reform • Rival of Roscoe Conkling • Ended spoils system in NY • Martyr for reform movement • Shot in first year of term

  7. Chester Arthur 1881-1885 • Continued civil service reform • 1883 Civil Service Law (Pendleton Act) • Approves development of modern navy • Begins to question tariff • Not re-nominated by Republican party

  8. Election of 1884 • Republican • James Blaine • Gilded Age controversy • Democrat • Grover Cleveland • Fought bosses and spoils system • Illegitimate child • Mugwamps and Tammany Hall • Cleveland Wins!

  9. Cleveland’s Policies • Tariff • Believed in limited government • Wants lower tariff • Government surplus encouraged pork-barrel spending and corruption • Pensions • Vetoed bill for disabled Civil War vets • Business • Interstate Commerce Act 1887 • First attempt to regulate business

  10. Election of 1888 • Cleveland • Benjamin Harrison • Argued lower tariff would hurt business prosperity • Results • Harrison’s big business support too much to overcome • “Take care of the place, we’ll be back”

  11. Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 • Passed McKinley Protective Tariff 1890 • No foreign competition • Highest rates ever • US Business happy • People were not • Passed pension for Civil War vets in 1890 • Almost bankruptcy treasury • 1st Billion dollar Congress • Sherman Anti-trust • Sherman Silver Purchase Act

  12. Farmer’s Movements • Grange • Farming a bust in mid-west • “patrons of husbandry” • 1.5 Million members • Emotional support, information, biweekly gatherings • Concern • Believed plight was due to freight rates, excessive interest rates, and federal policies • Attacked railroads • Munn v. Illinois 1877 • Wasbash v. Illinois 1886 • Failure • Rails too popular • Cash-only issue • Goal unrealistic • Complaints • Farmers have no control over prices of their crops • Railroads controlled where crop transported

  13. Farmers Movements • Alliance Movement • Began in Texas, 1870s • Poor farmers • Spread throughout South • Initially advocated Co-ops • Exchanges loan $ to farmers and sell their produced • 1890: 3 million members • Became political • Stressed economic reform • Macune’s Ideas • Store non-perishables in government warehouses and low-interest loans

  14. Populist Party • Grew from Alliance movement • Economic upheavals at mercy of eastern banks, manufacturing monopolies, eastern railroad trusts, and depression • Beliefs • National ownership of railroads and telegraphs • System for keeping non-perishable crops • Graduated income tax • Platform Speech • Omaha Speech • Direct popular election • State laws initiated through referendums

  15. Panic of 1893 • Collapse of railroad • over speculation • Government resources drained • Vet’s benefits/pork-barrel spending • Sherman Silver Purchase Act • Panic will last 4 years

  16. Grover Cleveland Again 1893-1897 • Campaign • Reduce tariff • Laissez-faire government • Panic • Worst depression • Money debate again • Cleveland supported gold standard • Repealed Silver purchase act • Downfall • Pullman Strike • Reaction • Pawn of Industrialists • To save gold reserve, went to J.P Morgan • Borrowed $62 million • Wilson-Gorman Tariff 1894 • Income tax of 2% • Pollack v. Farmers Loan and Trust

  17. Watershed Election of 1896 • Protests 1884 • Mid-term reelection of Democrats a disaster • Issue: Money • Democratic Split • Silver • William J. Bryan • Populist support • Republicans Triumph • William McKinley • Mark Hanna “king maker” • Front-porch campaign • 1st modern campaign • Mass media blitz

  18. William McKinley 1897-1901 • Consequences of Election • Populist demise • Urban domination of politics • Beginning of modern politics • Tariff • Dingley Tariff 1897 • New all-time high rates • Ok b/c of economic recovery • Gold in Alaska • Currency Act 1900 • Committed US to gold standard • Expansionism • Cuba • Philippines • Death • Murdered at World’s Fair • Severe consequences

  19. Imperialist America • Roots • 1840s Manifest Destiny • 1880s US “Global Destiny” • Europe takes the lead • 1884 dividing of Africa • Asia • Navy • Alfred T. Mahan 1890 • Religion • Spread Christianity • Racist tinge • Supporters of Expansion • 1890’s patriots “jingoism” • Henry Cabot Lodge • Teddy Roosevelt • Skirmishes • US v. Great Britain • Bering Sea • Canada 1898 • Latin America • Chile 1891 • Venezuela 1895 • Pacific Expansion • Samoan Islands 1889 • Hawaii • Sugar plantations control 1887 • Queen Liliuokalani • Annexation “requested” 1893 • Cleveland balks • McKinley annexes 1898

  20. Cuba • Crisis • Rebellion 1895 • Concentration camps • Yellow Journalism • William Randolph-Hearst • Frederic Remington • “You furnish me the pictures, I’ll furnish the war” • Joseph Pulitzer • Resolution? I think not. • Attempt 1897 • De Lome Letter 1898 • USS Maine 1898 • 270 died • War message • Teller Amendment • Spanish-American War • “splendid little war” • Battle: short • Dewey: Philippines • Black soldiers segregated • Fought with distinction • Cuba: Santiago de Cuba • Rough Riders • Deaths • 379 deaths • 5,000 to disease, food poisoning • Armistice July 17 • Results • 20 Million • Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico • Platt Amendment 1901 • Critics • Anti-Imperialists

  21. Philippines • Stepping stones to the Pacific • Guerilla War • Difficult • Long, costly war • Civilians suffered • Expansion and Progression • US expansionism buoyed • Economic modernization of the Philippines

  22. African-Americans After Reconstruction • Return of Democrat Rule • Loss of voting rights • Return of segregation • lynching • No help • Alliance movement • AFL • Supreme Court • Civil Rights Act 1875 nullified • Civil Rights Cases 1883 • Plessey V. Ferguson 1896 • Response • Kansas Exodus • 1879-1880 • 40-60,000 • Benjamin “Pap” Singleton • Booker T. Washington • Blacks must acquire useful skills like farming and carpentry to prove economic value • Don’t join Unions • Racism would fade

More Related