Science Final Exam Review

1. Science Final Exam Review

2. The system that takes oxygen to the rest of the body is the circulatory system

3. The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the _______________. Circulatory System

4. What are 2 ways that liquid wastes are removed from your body? Skin & Urinary System

5. Which system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra? Urinary System

6. How does the digestive system work with the respiratory system in the sequence for respiration? • The digestive system provides the glucose needed to produce energy

7. The class of nutrients that supplies the main source of energy for the body is carbohydrates

8. Milk is known for having calcium, how does the calcium get where it is needed in our body? Circulatory System

9. What class of nutrients aids in the rebuilding and repair of the body? Proteins

10. Why is it necessary to have both mechanical and chemical digestion? • You need mechanical digestion to break food into small pieces so that chemical digestion can begin breaking down these pieces.

11. What is the function of the large intestines in the body? To absorb large amounts of water

12. What is the function of your skeletal system? • Shape and support • Protection • Makes red blood cells

13. A muscle is an organ that can relax and contract, what does it provide that allows you to move your body parts? Force

14. What is the purpose of feedback mechanism? Maintain Homeostasis

15. To help maintain a constant body temperature your body will_______. • Sweat • Shiver • Pant

16. _Axon • A neuron consists of a cell body, _______, and dendrites.

17. The part of a neuron that carries the message away from the cell body is the __________. AXON

18. What does the central nervous system consist of? Brain and spinal cord

19. What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? All the nerves throughout the body besides the brain and spinal cord.

20. A singled celled organism that does NOT have a nucleus Prokaryote

21. A multi celled organism that DOES have a nucleus Eukaryote

22. What 2 levels of classification are used in giving an organism a scientific name? Genus and species

23. What is a vertebrate? Organisms with a backbone

24. Define Hibernation Period of inactivity during winter months

25. Define Estivation Period of inactivity during hot, dry summer months.

26. Label the different types of joints in the human body B • Pivot • Immovable • Hinge • Gliding A C D

27. Define endotherm • They are warm-blooded vertebrates whose body temperature does not change with its surrounding environment

28. Define ectotherm • They are cold-blooded vertebrates whose body temperature DOESchange as the surrounding temperature changes.

29. Fish can breathe under water. What adaption do they have that allow them to do this? • gills allow fish to use the oxygen dissolved in the water

30. What are the adaptations that birds have to help them fly? • Hollow skeleton, Lungs with air sacs, Large efficient heart, high energy diets

31. Most land plants have 2 main types of vascular tissues. Explain the function of both the xylem and phloem in plants. • Phloem : Transports glucose from the leaves through the plants. • Xylem: Transports water from the roots upward through the plant.

32. What adaptation do fish have that helps them rise to the surface and swim deeper? Swim Bladder Swim Bladder

33. Within a community there are many different populations. What is an element that affects the population size? • Limiting factor, Biotic potential, Migration/movement, Carrying capacity

34. Define an Ecosystem Consist of all the living organisms in an area and the non-living features of their environment.

35. A food web consists of many interconnected food chains. The arrows show the transfer of energy from one organism to another

36. According to the food web, what is the producers’ source of energy? The Sun

37. What are the secondary consumers? Shrew and frog

38. What is the decomposers purpose in a food web? • To break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil and water

39. How many food chains include the cricket? 2

40. What is the process called that producers go through to create energy? Photosynthesis

41. If the frog was removed from the food web, how would that affect the food web? • The shrew population would increase because there would be more crickets for them.

42. Figure 1 Figure 2 • Figure 1 above is representing primary succession • Figure 2 is representing secondary succession

43. Where would you find the largest supply of liquid fresh water on Earth? The Poles

44. Agricultural wastes sometimes include fertilizers, which are nutrients that ais plant growth. How might these wastes affect a pond? Causes algae to grow

45. What would happen to the saturated and unsaturated zones of an aquifer during a long drought? • The unsaturated zone would increase in size and the saturated zone will decrease.

46. What is the saturated zones main source of water? The Aquifer

47. D. E. • _______ Nitrogen gas - makes up about ¾ of air • _______ Death and decomposition return nitrogen to the soil • _______ Bacteria release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere • _______ Bacteria in soil absorb nitrogen gas and change it to a useable form for plants and animals (nitrogen fixation) • _______ Plants absorb useable nitrogen B. A. C 1 6 4 3 5

48. D A B CA • _______ Humans release CO2 back into the atmosphere through cellular respiration • _______ Plants absorb CO2 and release O2 • _______ Animals eat food (plants) to obtain carbon • _______ Fossil fuels are burned releasing CO2 into the atmosphere D B C A

49. The above picture is an illustration of what? Eutrophication an abundant accumulation of nutrients that support a dense growth of algae and other organisms, the decay of which depletes the shallow waters of oxygen in summer.

50. List and describe the Catastrophic Events” • Tornado – a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground • Flood – overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry • Volcano – vent in the earth which allows molten rock to escape to the surface when the pressure from gases becomes too great. • Wildfire – burning of forest and other habitats