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Social aspects of decommisioning Workforce redeployment for decommissioning__Experiences from decommissioning of the Greifswald NPP_______________________________________________ Axel Bäcker EWN GmbH

Contents of the presentation • The NPP Greifswald • Milestones and important events in the history • The initial situation for decommissioning • General social problems at the beginning of the decommissioning • General measures/approaches to solve the social problems • Facts from the EWN decommissioning project • Personnel reduction • Privatization • Personnel training for decommissioning tasks

View on the NPP Greifswald

NPP GreifswaldMilestones in the NPP’s history 1967: start of construction (8 WWER 440/230 units are planned) • As state collective combine “VEB Kernkraftwerke” • The aim of the formation of a collective combine: high independence, realisation of virtually all works (operation, maintenance, qualification, research,…) by own personnel 1974 - 1879: commissioning of units 1 - 4 1989: commissioning of unit 5, unit 6 ready for commissioning, units 7&8 under construction (all are of more recent model WWER 440/213) 1990: German Reunification • Transformation from state combine into EWN AG (since 1991 GmbH) • With the Reunification: criticism of the safety standard • Result from safety analysis of units 1 – 4: Safety improvement is not possible --> Final shut down in 1990 • Result from safety analysis of unit 5: Safety improvement is possible --> Due to uncertainties (cost and licensing risks, no investors) stop of Unit 5 commissioning and stop of all activities for Units 6 – 8

NPP GreifswaldMilestones in the NPP’s history 1991: Decision for Decommissioning of the whole plant • Because of social and economic considerations decision for immediate (direct) removal of the installations (without any technical preparation!) • Start of preparatory works for decommissioning • --> subsequently: personnel reduction 1992: Start of construction of the Interim Storage North (ISN) • Lack of storage capacities for radwastes • limited operation licence for the existing wet spent fuel storage 1994: Application for Decommissioning 1995: Licence for Decommissioning (30 June 1995) 1997: Commissioning of the Interim Storage North 2012: anticipated finalisation of the decommissioning process • Final status: “brown field”

NPP GreifswaldMilestones in the NPP’s history Initial situation for decommissioning (status in 1990/91) • “VEB Kernkraftwerke” as a state collective combine for the operation of the NPPs Rheinsberg and Greifswald, consisted of: • NPP Greifswald (WWER 440) and NPP Rheinsberg (WWER 70) • NPP Stendal (WWER 1000) under construction • Final storage for radioactive waste at Morsleben (ERAM) • Research and Development institutes at Berlin and Leipzig • The personnel amounted to about 8000 employees in total (EWN about 5000) • The NPPs were shut down and their decommissioning were anticipated • The NPPs were not prepared for decommissioning • No structure, no strategy, no preparatory planning, no infrastructure, no … • Staff not prepared for decommissioning tasks

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesInitial situation and consequences Initial situation: • The production stops, the turnover reduces • The manpower requirements considerably decreases • The payment of wages for personnel becomes problematic Consequences for the NPP: • Reduction of personnel, dismissals • Migration of the needed high qualified personnel • Decrease of working moral and productivity Consequences for the region: • Increase of unemployment • Decrease of tax yields and less opportunities for investments

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesProblems at the NPP First substantial problems at the NPP: • Decision on general (overall) strategic issues for the whole decommissioning process • Restructuring of the company for decommissioning • Motivation of personnel, ensuring the permanent personnel level • Planning of the personnel reduction • Ensuring the financing • Acceptance by the public

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesProblems at the NPP Decisions on general (overall) strategic issues at EWN • Complete direct dismantling (i. e. no safe enclosure period) • Realization of as much as possible activities with own personnel • No general (major) contractor • Industrial reuse of the site • Social acceptable personnel reduction • Implementation of a retirement scheme • Support for privatization/ outsourcing • Education/training for • decommissioning • better position on the labour market • Dismissal with economical support Support

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesProblems at the NPP Planning of the personnel reduction • Is closely connected with the overall strategic decisions • Tools/possibilities: • Early retirement schemes • Redundancy pay for dismissed personnel • Short-time work • Retraining and further qualification of personnel that is to be dismissed • Search/acquisition of new business fields –> to use the know-how PROBLEM: Financing, appropriate legal framework

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesMeasures to solve the social problems Qualification/ training of personnel (in cooperation with regional institutions) • for decommissioning tasks • for better chances at the labour market • privatisation, management, market economy • ... Analysis of possibilities for privatisation • Who? What? When? • support measures, boundary conditions, dependencies • ...

NPP Decommissioning and social consequencesApproaches for solutions Approaches for the NPP • “Internal” • Decision to use own personnel for decommissioning • Support for privatization/ outsourcing • Training of staff for decommissioning • Inclusion of local companies in decommissioning activities • Use of the decommissioning Know How for external projects • “External” • Coordination with regional development strategy • Support for industrial reuse of the site (use of existing infrastructure) • Timely release of NPP territory for the settlement of industries

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel development/changes • Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPP total staff in 1990: ca. 5570 • Personnel development/changes in 1990 - 1994 • Education for new job ca. 400 • Retirement (adopted scheme) ca. 270 • New employees ca. 150 • privatization and departure with economic support ca. 1600 • dismissal jobless ca. 1600 • remaining personnel ca. 1700  1/3 of the employees remained in the company  1/3 got new jobs  1/3 got jobless or retired ________________________________________________________________________________________ • Greifswald and Rheinsberg NPP total staff today: ca. 1100 4 years 12 years

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project • Personnel reduction at the EWN GmbH • Blue: staff for EWN decommissioning project • Red: additional staff for external projects Planning

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Realisation of personnel reduction (dismissal, reemployment) • Determination of tasks • Elaboration of job plans, descriptions and requirements • Job classification • Category A: jobs will be maintained  employees will stay • Category B: jobs will be reduced  reduction by social selection • Category C: new jobs  application open for all; selection based on professional qualification, social criteria 4. Personnel selection/reduction • Selection by social criteria for comparable employees • comparable jobs, interchangeability according to employment contract, remuneration (payment) • Release by special regulations for early retirement, work termination contracts or dismissal • Use of compensation payments according to a social plan Training

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Privatisation/ outsourcing • The privatization efforts were concentrated on activities outside the nuclear operation, such as: • Building maintenance • Catering • Cleaning service • Site supervision (safeguards) • Hotel • Educational centre and operation simulator • Software development • These new companies are involved (partly) in the decommissioning process as subcontractors

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Based on the actual personnel structure & qualification and the “new” requirements for decommissioning  “to fill the gaps” • Basic topics/training areas are: • General management issues, • Qualification for operation and maintenance of new facilities and equipment, • Qualification of personnel for decommissioning (to dismantling and demolition tasks), • Material management (waste and other materials), • Dosimetry, radiation safety and environmental protection, • Quality assurance.

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topics/training areas – overview on training measures

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topic - General management • Business administration, laws, IT-technologies and electronic data processing

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topic - Operation and maintenance of new facilities/equipment • Operation of waste management facilities, process technology

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topic - Decommissioning and Material management • Requalification for new jobs: • E.g. Dismantling and demolition techniques • E.g. Handling of hazardous materials (such as asbestos) • I&C, Electrotechnics and electronics • E.g. for system adaptations, shut down activities, new installations • Waste management, transport equipment and logistics • E.g. plant internal transports and temporary storages

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topic - Radiation safety and environmental protection • Due to increased amount (scope) of work in contaminated areas • Supporting measures for dismantling and waste management activities

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning • Basic topic - Quality assurance and other supporting training

NPP Decommissioning and social consequences Facts from the EWN decommissioning project Personnel training for decommissioning – Lessons learned • Concentrated, specialized “decommissioning training” is not required • Training is (in general) a permanent ongoing and smoothly running task • Own personnel knows best the facility and decommissioning challenges • Decommissioning works in general are not new ones – there are many common features with “usual” maintenance • The biggest challenges are: • To organize and to manage the decommissioning process • To master the new techniques and technologies (new equipment)

Thank you for your attention!

Contents of the presentation