Male Reproductive System

1. Male Reproductive System -- Essential reproductive organs for men& women are called: -- suspended outside the body cavity Testes Scrotum Gonads -- in men, the gonads are the:

2. Seminiferous tubules Interstitial cells Septum Tunica Albuginea --the testes are surrounded by a membrane called the: --this membrane also enters into the testes to form lobules which contains: -- within the septums that separates the lobules are cells called: -- this is where sperm is produced --Testosterone is produced here.

3. Accessory Reproductive Ductsin Males Seminal Vesicles Spermatic Ductus (Vas) Cord Deferens Urethra Ejaculatory duct Epididymis

4. Accessory Sex Glands Seminal Vesicles -- contributes 60% of the seminal fluid (rich in Fructose)

5. Accessory Sex Glands Prostate gland -- provides 30% of the fluid & fluid is alkaline -- can enlarge in older males making it difficult to urinate -- it also activates the sperm (BenignProstaticHypertrophy)

6. Accessory Sex Glands Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Gland -- Makes up less than 5% of the fluid -- mucus-like & lubricate end of urethra

7. Other Accessory Structure of the Male Reproductive System Rectum Urinary Bladder Glans Penis Anus Foreskin (Prepuce) Scrotum

8. 1. Needed for normal development & functioning of the primary sexorgans 3. Development & maintenance of the secondary sex characteristics Testosterone Functions: 2. Necessary for the maturation of sperm a. growth of body hair b. voice change c. greater muscle strength

9. 1. Sweat & oil glands become more active 3. Responsible for the sex drive & may contribute to aggressivenessin males Testosterone Side Effects: -- cause acne & body odor 2. Baldness

10. STEM CELL (Spermatogonia) 46 46 46 STEM CELL PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATOGENESIS

11. PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE 46 23 23 SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE SPERMATID 23 23 23 23 SPERM

12. -- One of the smallest & most highlyspecialized cell in the body Sperm -- Responsible for all the characteristics a baby inherits from the father Acrosome Head Nucleus Midpiece Tail Mitochondria -- Another name for tail is: Flagellum

13. Female Reproductive System Ovaries Fallopian Ovaries --also calledUterine tubes or Oviducts tubes The essential organs (gonads) for the female are the: Accessory Organs

14. Accessory Organs Fimbriae --the fringe-like structures at the end of the tubes are called: -- the fallopian tubes open into the Fallopian Ovaries abdomen (do not attach to the ovary) tubes

15. Accessory Organs (cont.) Fundus Uterus Cervix -- contain deep folds that allow for expansion called: -- upper part of the uterus in which the fallopian tubes attach is the: -- is almost all muscle called: Myometrium Rugae -- inner lining of the uterus is called: -- lower section of the uterus is the: Endometrium

16. Accessory Organs (cont.) Vagina -- attached to the uterus & opens to the outside -- pH is slightly acidic to protect it from bacteria -- also contain rugae -- mainly composed of muscle -- lined with mucus membranes

17. Accessory Sex Glands -- each breast is divided into 15 – 20 lobes, which further divide into many lobules -- each lobule contains milk- secreting glandscalled: (these glandular cells are arranged in grape-like clusters called: Nipple Lactiferous glands 1. Breasts -- size is determined by amount of fat Alveoli

18. Accessory Sex Glands (cont.) Nipple --drainthe alveoli in the direction of the nipple -- colored area of the nipple is the: Areola Lactiferous duct Lactiferous glands 1. Breasts

19. After pregnancy, the glands in the breasts are stimulated to produce milk by the hormone: Prolactin What hormone causes the breast torelease that milk? Oxytocin Name the fluid that's produced by the breast prior to milk? Colostrum Why is it important? Contains antibodies

20. Accessory Sex Glands (cont.) 2. Greater Vestibular Glands --secretes a mucus-like lubricating fluid for the vagina -- opens into the vestibule Bartholingland (space between the labia minora & the vaginal opening) -- also called:

21. External Genitals or Vulva Mons pubis Labia Majora Clitoris Labia Urethral Minora orifice Hymen Vaginal Anus orifice Labia Minora Clitoris Labia Majora

22. Ovary -- Weigh about 3 Grams -- At birth, each female has about 2 millionOvarian Follicles & each follicle contains an Oocyte -- at puberty, this number is reduced to 400,000 primary follicles Fertilization -- only 350 to 500 of these will develop into a mature follicle of the Ovum Ovary Corpus Luteum Mature (Graafian) Follicle

23. OOGENESIS Primary oocyte Polar Body 23 23 23 23 23 Secondary oocyte 46

24. 23 23 23 Secondary oocyte EGG 23 OOGENESIS

25. --causes the development & maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics 1. causes appearance of pubic hair & breast development 2. responsible for the female body shape --causes the start of the menstrual cycle Production of Estrogen

26. 1.develops from the ruptured follicle after ovulation 2. stimulated by LH (Lutenizing Hormone) -- stimulates further development of the endometrial lining Production of Progesterone -- produced by the Corpus Luteum -- produced for 11 days after ovulation

27. Menstrual Cycle --between the end of menses & ovulation --endometrium thickens & becomes vascular -- Usually about 28 days -- has 3phases: 1.Menstrual Phase (Menses or Menstruation) --first 4 to 5 days --endometrial lining sloughs off 2. Postmenstrual(Follicular) Phase --around day 6 to 13 --also called Proliferation phase

28. 3. Premenstrual (Luteal) Phase --further thickening of the endometrium (Ovulation occurs around day 14) --around days 15 to 28