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Roman Republican Government:

Roman Republican Government:. SPQR “The Senate and the People Are Rome” 6.2. Roman Government. 2 Classes Patricians & Plebeians Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Roman government in the early years? Reforms? How did they get them?.

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Roman Republican Government:

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  1. Roman Republican Government: SPQR “The Senate and the People Are Rome” 6.2

  2. Roman Government 2 Classes Patricians & Plebeians Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Roman government in the early years? Reforms? How did they get them?

  3. Reenactors remember the Romans in England… A tortoise manuever

  4. Army Reading: 1. How did the Roman government win support from conquered peoples? 2. What was army life like? Ancient relief sculpture of a Roman Triumph: A Parade of Victory

  5. Who fought? What privileges do veterans get? Why was the legion more lethal than the Greek phallanx? How did the typical legionnaire live? Command Structure Rome’s Legions 2 Consuls Led 5-25 legions Legate – led one legion A legion was 50-60 centuries A Centurion commanded one century 80-100 legionairesmade up a century

  6. Between 494-287 BC thousands of plebeians refused to fight in expanding Rome unless patricians agreed to reforms Enslavement for debt was eliminated Marriage between the classes allowed AND it was chiseled in stone as written law…in 451BC - hung in the forum How were the Twelve Tables as a set of laws? Review problems

  7. The Tarpeian RockWorse…for traitors and special shame

  8. The Forum and the Curia buildingwhere the Senate met at the height of empire … Forum

  9. Proportion and Balance were important…* Justice Wisdom All 4 of these virtues in architectural balance: the bottom three support Justice Fortitude Temperance Plato and Aristotle *Developed by Greek philosophers…

  10. Why did the Romans ultimately consider their government balanced?

  11. Magistrates or Executive Branch 2 Consuls And other officials… Censors – Population, Elections Praetors - Courts Aediles – City Order, Construction Questors - Treasury Prerequisites: Must serve 20 years in the Army; Patrician only at first, later Plebeian OK. Senate Advises Consuls, who must obey this advice 300 most powerful men Later 600 Former magistrates can automatically enter the Senate w/ approval of censors. Originally had to be patricians, later plebeians can enter, first as Tribunes, then as influential or wealthy men SPQR: Balanced Government Assembly Votes No debate took place: just yes/no votes on laws and votes on electing magistrates & tribunes The People 10 Tribunes - Can veto laws of Assembly Dictator For 6 months only

  12. The “unimportant” detailed version… Skip…

  13. “…Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was appointed by universal consent. It is worthwhile for those persons who despise all things human in comparison with riches, and who suppose that there is no room either for exalted honour, or for virtue, except where riches abound in great profusion, to listen to the following [story of Cincinnatus]… Livy, Roman historian 458 BC – a former consul is called to serve… (Statue in Cincinnati, Ohio) Cincinnatus: a good Dictator

  14. Three phases of the Republic • 509 – 265BC • Rome ConquersItaly • 264-146BC • Rome Fights Carthage in 3 Punic Wars • 145-44BC • Several Roman military leaders threaten to ruin the government in the Republic…

  15. Rome’s Expansion on the Boot! • 390BC Rome sacked by marauding Gauls. • In response, larger, longer and stronger walls • Won’t happen again for 800 years • 282 BC - Greek colonists seek help from Greece General Pyrrhus wins a “pyrrhic victory”, which is: _____________________________________ • 275 BC –Independent Greeks driven out of Italy

  16. What were the Punic Wars?

  17. Before the First Punic War Carthage

  18. Before the 2nd Punic War, Hannibal and the Battle of Zama

  19. After the Punic Wars: Expansion by 44 BC

  20. Expansion to the Eastern Mediterranean • Why do the Greeks celebrate the Roman’s arrival at first? • Why did their attitudes change? • At the Greek city-state of Corinth: What happened and why?

  21. The (3) Punic Wars:

  22. Roman versus Carthaginian

  23. Hannibal: Rome’s Worst Nightmare (BBC Miniseries) Pt 1 Meet Hannibal and 2 Battle of Cannae And 3 The End of Hannibal (by Titus Labienus) How they got the elephants ready for battle Click on links above to begin

  24. Battle of Zama ends the 2nd Punic War- 202BC Battle of Zama, 1597 drawing

  25. Battle of Zama CarthageRoman Republic Hannibal Scipio Africanus • Strength Almost 50,000 infantry 4,000 cavalry80 war elephants 34,000 Roman infantry 3,000 Roman cavalry 6,000 African allied cavalry Casualties 20,000 killed, 1,500 killed, 11,000 wounded, 4,000 wounded 15,000 captured

  26. Do you agree? Why or why not? • “Hannibal was a very effective general.”

  27. The thesis must present an argument. • Can I reasonably argue the opposite? • 1. No 3. Yes 2. “Hannibal was a very effective general.” Although 1, 2 because of 3.

  28. ?True or False? • “The Carthaginian loss in the 2nd Punic War due more to Roman skill than Hannibal’s mistakes or ineffectiveness.”

  29. The thesis must present an argument. • Can I reasonably argue the opposite? • 1. No 3. Yes 2. “The Carthaginian loss in the 2nd Punic War due more to Roman skill.” Although 1, 2 because of 3.

  30. 753BC 703 509 494 458 451 390 282 275 265 - 146 82 73 49BC Rome founded Etruscan kings took control Republic founded Plebieans begin strugggle for more rights Cincinattus: ideal dictator 12 tables Written Gauls sack Rome Gen Pyrrhus beats the Romans Greeks driven out of Italy 3 Punic Wars: 2nd: Hannibal / Scipio Sulla abolishes 6 mo. dictat. term Spartacus leads rebellion Caesar starts Civil War

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