Suomen Akatemia 2011: tiede kasvuun

1. Suomen Akatemia 2011: tiede kasvuun

2. Suomen Akatemia 2011: tiede kasvuun Academy of Finland 2011 R&D activities Academy of Finland Funding opportunities Application procedure and processing of applications Funding decisions

3. Public R&D funding actors Public research funding in Finland

4. R&D in Finland R&D in Finland • Employs some 79,500 people • R&D funding €6.9 billion • Business companies account for 71% • R&D input 3.9% of GDP • Public R&D spending 1.09% of GDP • 17 universities and 27 polytechnics • More than 1,600 doctoral graduates each year • Graduate school system involves 112 doctoral programmes

5. R&D expenditure 1991–2011 R&D expenditure in Finland by sector 1991–2010 Total €6.9 billion Source: Statistics Finland 2010

6. Government R&D expenditure 2011 Government R&D expenditure 2011 Total €2.065 billion Source: Statistics Finland 2011

7. Public R&D funding in Finland Public R&D funding in Finland • In the early 2000s, the annual average growth of Finland's total research input was 5%. It grew from €3.9 billion in 1999 to some €6.9 billion in 2010. The growth has now levelled off. • Government research spending was €1.3 billion in 2000 and is €2.1 billion in 2011. • In 2000, Academy of Finland funding was some €154 million and in 2010 some €384 million. • In 2000, Academy and Tekes funding combined accounted for 42% of Government R&D funding; in 2011 it accounts for 46% (€940.2 million). • The Academy is the only public research funding agency whose relative proportion of public R&D funding has grown in the 2000s (from 12% to 19%).

8. R&D investment in OECD R&D investment in selected OECD countries, and in China and Russia (as % of GDP) Source: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators 2011 Statistics Finland 2011

9. International publications by Finnish researchers 1991-2011 International publications by Finnish researchers 1991–2010 Source: Thomson Reuters, Web of Sciences Databases, 3 Feb 2011: (Science Citation Index Expanded), SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index), A&HCI (Arts and Humanities Citation Index)

10. Academy of Finland Academy of Finland • Tasks • Promote scientific research and its application • Award funding for cutting-edge scientific research, researcher training and the development of research capabilities • Advance international scientific collaboration • Provide expertise in science policy • Undertake other science-policy expert assignments • Four Research Councils whose operations cover all scientific disciplines • 2011 funding for cutting-edge scientific research some €340 million • Each year, some 5,000 people benefit from Academy research funding • Has a staff of some 160.

11. Academy of Finland Strategy Academy of Finland Strategy (1/2) Vision: • The country's leading source of funding for scientific research • Active and major force in the Finnish research and innovation system • Strong voice in influencing international science policy Strategic objectives: • Enhance the quality and impact of research • Strengthen the position of scientific research in the Finnish research and innovation system • Strengthen the international position and impact of Finnish science

12. Academy of Finland Strategy 2/2) Academy of Finland Strategy (2/2) Enhancing the quality and impact of research The Academy promotes • research that is both of high international quality and ethically sound • the establishment of internationally attractive research environments • the discovery of new scientific breakthroughs • research that seeks new multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary subjects and approaches. Strengthening the position of scientific research in the Finnish research and innovation system The Academy is committed to • enhancing the contribution of high-level scientific research to development aimed at new innovations • putting to the best possible use, both in public decision-making and in business and industry, the results and expertise from the research it has funded • strengthening welfare, education, culture and economic competitiveness. Strengthening the international position and impact of Finnish science The Academy • emphasises the role of scientific research in resolving the grand challenges facing humankind • contributes actively to the building of the European Research Area in key areas of research strength • provides opportunities for Finnish researchers to collaborate with international colleagues.

13. Expertise The Academy as an expert in science and science policy • Science-policy strategies and statements and engagement in public debate on science policy • Review of applications • Evaluation of research • Research programmes • Science, research and scientific disciplines • Science and research foresighting and impact analysis • Science indicators • Influencing European and Nordic science policy

14. Organisation (brief) Organisation

15. Organisation (large) Organisation

16. Evaluation activities Evaluation activities

17. Academy research funding Academy research funding • Granted in larger sums • Embedded in all research funding • internationality • mobility • equality • scientific breakthroughs • Decisions based on • Academy document "Criteria for research funding decisions" • independent peer review • open and transparent decision-making • equal treatment of applicants • criteria, procedures and decisions available to all on the Academy's website

18. Application Application for Academy funding • Open competition • Funding allocated to the best researchers and the most promising young researchers • Based on scientific peer review of the research plan and the applicant as well as on research and science-policy strategies • Total funding applied for in 2010 some €1.4 billion • Success rate less than 20%.The 2010 success rate in general research grants was 18%; of total funding applied for, 16% was granted. • In 2010, the total value of funding decisions was €324 million. • Academy funding is fixed-term.

19. Funding opportunities The Academy's reformed funding instruments

20. Internationalisation and researcher mobility Internationalisation and researcher mobility Supported in all funding opportunities, for example: • Academy Projects • Research programmes and Centre of Excellence programmes: joint calls and networking • Finland Distinguished Professor Programme (FiDiPro) • Academy Research Fellows and Academy Professors • Grants for researcher training and Postdoctoral Researchers at the EUI • ERA-NET calls • Researcher mobility and other contractual bilateral cooperation • Joint-project calls with international funding organisations

21. Academy Projects Academy Projects • Largest and most important funding opportunity • Promote the quality and diversity of research and its capacity for renewal by providing an opportunity to take on scientifically ambitious research • The funding is granted to leading-edge researchers and research teams • Primarily teams comprising researchers with a doctorate • Salaries • Acquisition of material and equipment • Travel • International cooperation

22. Research programmes Research programmes • A cluster of research projects focused on a defined subject area or a set of problems, funded for a fixed period, and operated under a coordinated management • Generate added value in comparison to separate, project-based funding • Have a number of special science-policy objectives, such as • to raise the scientific standard of a research field important in terms of science or society • to develop a field of research or scientific discipline • to piece together scattered research capacities • to promote multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity • to increase cooperation between researchers, funding agencies and end-users of research results • Promote international collaboration • through international networking of programmes • by means of co-funded international programmes

23. Ongoing Research programmes ongoing in 2011 • Sustainable Production and Products, KETJU (2006–2013) • Sustainable Energy, SusEn (2008–2012) • The Future of Work and Well-being, WORK (2008–2011) • Responding to Public Health Challenges, SALVE (2009–2012) • Ubiquitous Computing and Diversity of Communication, MOTIVE (2009–2012) • Computational Computing, LASTU (2010–2015) • Photonics and Modern Imaging Techniques (2010–2013) • The Health and Welfare of Children and Young People, SKIDI-KIDS (2010–2014) • Climate Change, FICCA (2011–2014) Open for application: The Future of Living and Housing, ASU-LIVE (2011–2015) The Academy also participates in the joint European Baltic Sea and Development Programme BONUS (2010–2016).

24. Finnish Centres of Excellence in Research (CoEs) Finnish Centres of Excellence in Research (CoEs) Objectives • To raise the quality standards of research • To improve the international competitiveness of research and increase its visibility and esteem • To embed cutting-edge research in research, education and technology policy • To develop top-level, innovative and efficient research and researcher training environments Premise • Consist of one or more leading-edge research teams • Are at or close to the international cutting edge of research in their field • Have distinct and common research objectives and a common management Four Finnish CoE Programmes since 2000 • 2000–2005 (26 CoEs), 2002–2007 (16 CoEs), 2006–2011 (23 CoEs), 2008–2013 (18 CoEs) • CoE Programme 2012–2017 (upcoming) In addition: three ongoing Nordic Centre of Excellence Programmes

25. Centre of Excellence Programmes Centre of Excellence Programmes • Create capability to establish consortia of research teams • Facilitate scientific breakthroughs at the interface of different disciplines and fields of research • Accelerate the use of research infrastructures • Network Centres of Excellence both nationally and internationally • Develop and support research collaboration with top international researchers and research teams • Increase the societal impact of research • Influence the Finnish research and innovation system • Promote the compatibility of Centres of Excellence and their host organisations • Raise the quality standards of Finnish research, improve its international competitiveness and increase its visibility and esteem

26. CoEs 2006-2011 Finnish Programme for Centres of Excellence 2006–2011

27. CoEs 2008-2013 Finnish Programme for Centres of Excellence 2008–2013

28. Academy Professors and Academy Research Fellows Academy Professors and Academy Research Fellows Academy Professors (41) • Top researchers who contribute to the progress of research within their field of research • Carry out their own research plan and lead their own research team • Provide supervision to junior researchers and teaching in context with the research • Appointed for a maximum term of five years at a time Academy Research Fellows (282) • Appointment provides a fixed-term opportunity to qualify for advanced research tasks or other expert tasks • Have been successfully engaged in scientific research and publication after earning their doctorate • Appointment intended for independent scientific work as laid down in the research plan • Duties include teaching and supervision in context with the research • Appointed for a maximum term of five years

29. Postdoctoral Researcher Postdoctoral Researchers • Researchers who have recently earned their doctorate and are gaining qualifications as a professional researcher • Appointment a maximum of four years after gaining the doctorate • Carry out their own research plan and provide supervision and teaching • Funding includes funds for salary and research costs • Appointed for a three-year term

30. Doctoral programmes Doctoral programmes •Based on the graduate school system, in which the Academy is responsible for • decision-making • development and monitoring • 112 doctoral programmes • some 15% local programmes, some 85% national network programmes • 1,600 doctoral slots funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and 4,800 slots funded from other sources (matching-funds students) • foreign doctoral students account for some 16% • some 50% of all new PhDs graduate from doctoral programmes • Four-year funding application every two years: • Ministry-funded doctoral programmes: some €46 million/year (salaries) • Academy funding: some €5 million/year (research grants) • The Academy funds doctoral programme operations. The doctoral programmes also include doctoral students researching and writing their doctoral dissertation within Academy-funded research projects. • Host universities responsible for supervisory and teaching resources

31. Doctoral programmes: strategies and development goals Doctoral programmes: strategies and development goals • To improve the planning and upgrade the quality of doctoral education • To reduce the time used for researching and writing the doctoral dissertation and lower the age at receipt of doctorate • To clarify the supervision responsibility of research and adopt follow-up practices • To step up cooperation, networking and mobility both nationally, internationally and across different sectors • To raise the proportion of foreign doctoral students to 20% • To improve the career planning and supervision of doctoral students • To develop the programme structure • To enhance the appeal of research careers • To support the research strategy and profiling of the host university • To raise the relative proportion of PhDs in the research community to 20% by 2020 • To increase the number of PhDs working outside the university sector

32. Four-tiered research career Four-tiered research career system Academy Professors/Professors/Research Directors • Comprehensive duties and the most demanding research and teaching tasks • Scientific and academic leaders in their fields • Academy Professors are expected to contribute to the advancement of science within their own discipline • Of these, Professors are appointed for an indefinite period Academy Research Fellows/Team leaders • Fully-fledged professionals who are well prepared to take on academic leadership roles • Academy Research Fellows are expected to be able to work independently and successfully at the highest level of science • Appointments for a fixed or indefinite period Postdoctoral Researchers • Required to have recently completed their doctorate • Appointments for a fixed term (3–5 years), offer considerable independence Doctoral students • Usually required to hold a Master's degree • Appointments for a fixed term (about 4 years) • Most of the time will be dedicated to researching and writing the doctoral dissertation

33. FiDiPro Finland Distinguished Professor Programme (FiDiPro) • Joint funding programme of the Academy and Tekes for recruiting foreign or expatriate Finnish top researchers to Finland • Objectives • To strengthen Finnish scientific and technological knowledge and know-how • To bring a more international element to the Finnish research system • To generate added value for the national innovation system • To support research-driven profiling of universities and research institutes • Recruited for scientifically, technologically and industrially significant fields • The applicant is a Finnish university or research institute • Funding is competition-based and fixed-term • The Academy has funded 35 visiting FiDiPro Professors and Tekes 35 FiDiPro Professors and 11 FiDiPro Fellows

34. Processing Processing of applications

35. Review of applications: criteria Review of applications: criteria • Scientific quality and innovativeness of the research plan • Competence of the applicant/research team • Feasibility of the research plan • Research contacts • Significance of the research project for the promotion of professional careers in research and for researcher training • Other research-policy objectives adopted by the Academy

36. Factors affecting funding decisions Factors affecting funding decisions (besides scientific quality) Academy research-policy objectives • To advance the research careers of women and young people • To promote gender equality in research • To promote multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity in research • To develop innovative research environments • To contribute to the internationalisation of research • To implement larger research schemes • To promote researcher mobility • To promote research that serves the Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation Funding instrument-specific objectives • To define special objectives for research programmes • To provide support for Centres of Excellence in Research Other factors • Quality of the research environment • Funding received from the Academy or from other sources • Applicants' ability to manage research funds • Good scientific practice (incl. ethical issues) and IPR issues

37. Decisions 1995–2010 Academy funding decisions 1995–2010

38. Decisions 2010 Academy research funding decisions 2010 Total €324 million

39. Funding decisions by Research Council in 2010 Funding decisions by Research Council domain 2010

40. Decisions 1995–2010 among Research Councils' fields Academy funding decisions by Research Council domain 1995–2010

41. Decisions 2010 by site of research Academy funding decisions by site of research 2010 Total €324 million

42. Decisions 2005-2010 by university Academy funding decisions by university 2010

43. Success rate of funding applications Success rate of funding applications (using calls for general research grants 2000–2010 as an example)

44. More information The Academy of Finland works for the best interests of science More information: • Academy of Finland: www.aka.fi/eng • Finnish science policy: www.research.fi/en • For mobile researchers: www.euraxess.fi Thank you!