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By Dr. Junaidu A. Maina DVM, FCVSN Chief Veterinary Officer-Nigeria/Director

Nigeria: Assessment of Efforts over the last three Years in HPAI Control: Achievements and Lessons learnt. By Dr. Junaidu A. Maina DVM, FCVSN Chief Veterinary Officer-Nigeria/Director Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services.

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By Dr. Junaidu A. Maina DVM, FCVSN Chief Veterinary Officer-Nigeria/Director

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  1. Nigeria: Assessment of Efforts over the last three Years in HPAI Control: Achievements and Lessons learnt. By Dr. Junaidu A. Maina DVM, FCVSN Chief Veterinary Officer-Nigeria/Director Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services Presented at the Technical Meeting on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza 27 -29 June, Rome, Italy

  2. Outline • Introduction - Information on Nigeria • Present Situation of HPAI. • Achievements by FGN/Devt. Partners • Lessons learnt • Key Constraints and Challenges • Unintended Effects • Priority Recommendations • Conclusion

  3. N W E S NIGERIA BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON NIGERIA • Location – West Africa • Shares border with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon • Human Population – 140mil • Federal System – 3 tiers, Federal, States (36) + Federal Capital Territory & Local Government Areas (LGAs) 774 • Poultry population : 140m • Commercial 25% • Semi-commercial 15% • Rural/Backyards 60% • Net worth $250m • Agric GDP 9-10% • Major beneficiary of loanable funds

  4. Present Situation(Summary of Outbreaks between January 2006 – June 20 07) • Total Number of suspicions = 860 • Total Number of +ve cases = 248 • States with Suspicions = 30 • States with +ve results = 25 • LGAs with +ve results = 85 • Total depopulated Birds = 885365 • Total dead birds (estimated) = 711000

  5. Analysis of Current Situation • States with only one outbreak = 4 • States with repeat outbreak (>2) = 21 • LGAs with only one outbreak = 67 • LGAs with repeat outbreak (>2) = 18 LAST 3 MONTHS, 2007 • States with outbreaks = 8 • LGAs with outbreaks = 17 Last confirmed outbreak • Zamfara State - 02/05/07). • 1st Human Case - Lagos (February, 2007)

  6. Situation as at 25th June 2007

  7. Activities and Achievements • 2003/4 – Early preparation. • Document on Prevention Strategy • Active disease search conducted by National Vet. Research Inst. (NVRI) & Federal Dept. • Nov/2005.Comprehensive Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) • 1st suspicion 16/01/06 - NVRI • Confirmation on 07/02/06 by Padova • FGN official announcement 08/02/06

  8. Activities and Achievements (Cont’d) • National Committees FGN • Technical Committee • National Inter-Ministerial Committee (MOA, MOH, MOI) • AI Crisis Management Centre • EPP & Implementation FGN & Devt.P • Creation of HPAI Special Unit • Enhanced Surveillance • Case definition • SOP on Depop & Decontamination (48/72hrs) • Compensation • Movement Control. Gazette of 20/2/06. FGN • National Vet Stockpile Dev.P & FGN • Negotiated $50m ($29.2m) IDA Loan. FGN +Devt.P • Compensation N451.6m ($3.5m) FGN

  9. Activities and Achievements (Cont’d) • Equipped & Upgraded Cental Lab. FGN+Devt.P • Virus depository • OFFLU/30 isolates • Training & Capacity building Devt.P & FGN • Improved Budgetary Allocation FGN (MDG) • Active virus search Project FGN&FAO&EU • AI Multi-Donor/ECTAD FAO/USAID/UNDP • Cross-Border meeting/Assistance. FGN • Integrated National AI Plan Devt.P & FGN

  10. LESSONS LEARNT • Pattern of disease spread • Mainly between commercial farms • Live bird markets source of infection • Fomites and Animal health service providers spread HPAI • Siting of farms • Risk associated with megacities (Lagos & Kano) • Movement Control of Livestock and Livestock Products • FGN Gazette No:1/2006 on movement control (20th Feb 2006). • Poor state of Veterinary Quarantine facilities. • Socio-cultural traditional practices. • Difficulty in determining the origin(s) of HPAI infection. • Backtracing of infections • National Veterinary Stockpile • Critical inputs (PPEs, disinfectants etc) • Distribution Nationwide-substations • Interagency Collaboration (Integrated approach). • Communication, Medical Team, Journalists, Development Partners. • Livelihood Diversification Plan • Exit Plan for farmers • HPAI in Commercial/ Semi Commercial farms cannot be hidden

  11. Key Constraints & Challenges • Resurgence/Persistence of infection in some States • Live Bird Markets • Politics • Restructuring • Enhanced disease surveillance • Engaging Private Vets & others on disease surveillance & reporting • Movement Control • Poor Vet Quarantine facilities • Poor enforcement of Movement permit. • Lack of appreciation of dangers of AI by security agents + others • Information dissemination and Communication • High level of sensitization but low risk perception • Public perception about AI vis-a- vis ND • Sustenance of the Compensation Fund • Expansion of Lab. Capacity and networking.

  12. Unintended Effects • Open Admission of AI • Negative Publicity • Sharp drop in sales. • Poultry and poultry Products. • Drop feed Sales • Negative livelihood impact. • High Compensation Rates. • Status quo ex ente (rate $3-$10) • Reduction in Bio-security • Publicity • Donor / Development Partners • Not contributing to compensation fund. • Unsuitable materials • Skewed towards procurement and consultants • Local Idiosyncracies

  13. Priority Recommendations Short Term • Restructuring of the Poultry Prod.System/Live bird market. • Break infection circle • Focal Point for surveillance / monitoring • Registration & Geo-reference • Movement control. • Enforcement of movement permits. • Upgrading VQS. • Collaboration with law enforcement agents & stakeholders. • Update EPP. • National Vet. Stockpile • Continuous collaboration. • Neighouring countries. • Devt.P, all other stakeholders.

  14. Priority Recommendations Medium/Long Term • General up-liftment of National Vet. Services & Lab. Network • Private sector participation • Enabling legislation • Provision of logistics • OIE- PVS • Upgrading 1.Central (P3) & 5.VTH (P2) laboratories • OIE Twinning programme. • Regional excellence. • Sourcing funds for compensation. • Restructuring poultry industry. • Compartmentalization/zoning • Strategy Plan • 1.Control, 2.elimination, 3 freedom from infection

  15. Conclusion Containing the threat of HPAI will continue to pose a complex, long term multi-sectoral and cross- border (Regional, National & International) challenge to the whole world. Rehabilitation of Veterinary Services is an essential pre-requisite to controlling HPAI and other emerging and re- emerging Zoonotic diseases. The key to control, elimination and freedom from of HPAI is sustainable surveillance, intervention and more surveillance. Through Collaborative Engagement

  16. Acknowledgement • Development Partners and Donor Agencies • FAO, AU-IBAR, OIE, EU, USDA/APHIS, USAID, French Corporation, China, UNDP, DFID, WHO, CDC, ECOWAS, ADB • Staff of National Veterinary Research Institute • Staff of the Federal & States Veterinary Departments

  17. THANK YOU

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