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Spanish Explorers & Colonies: Building a Spanish Empire in the Americas

Learn about the Spanish explorers and their colonization efforts in the Americas, motivated by power, wealth, and religious reasons. Discover the conquistadors who conquered the Aztecs and Incas, and the impact of European colonization on the Native American resistance. Explore the Spanish forts, missions, and the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.

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Spanish Explorers & Colonies: Building a Spanish Empire in the Americas

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  1. Chapter 2 Section 1: Spanish Explorers & Colonies

  2. Summer 1565- Spanish force of 11 ships & 2,000 men landed in Florida (St. Augustine) • Pedro Menendez de Aviles was sent to colonize & get rid of the French colony in the North

  3. Elements of European colonization in the Americas • Competition for land can be violent • Motivated by power, wealth, & religious reasons • Presence was here to stay

  4. Building a Spanish Empire • Spain’s major explorers • Juan Ponce de Leon • Hidalgo • Searching for the “Fountain of Youth” • Discovered Florida in 1513

  5. Vasco Nunez de Balboa • Arrived on the isthmus of Panama • Discovered the Pacific Ocean

  6. Ferdinand Magellan • Spain 1519- Sailed through the strait of Magellan on South America

  7. Landed on Guam in the Philippines- he was killed in a fight • 3 years later crew circumnavigated the Earth

  8. The Spanish Pattern of Conquest • Spanish Christians gradually moved into Muslim lands • Three reasons • Spread Christianity • Loot Muslim cities for wealth • Win fame for their exports • “God, Gold, & Glory” • Conquistadors

  9. Cortes & Pizarro • Hernan Cortes • Sent to conquer the Aztecs in Mexico • 600 soldiers against 150,000 in the capital, Tenochititlan

  10. Many Native Americans hated the Aztecs • He used the divisions among the Natives to rally them to his side • Destroyed the capital by 1521

  11. Francisco Pizarro • Set out to conquer the Incas in Peru • Also helped by the natives • Both aided by small pox & measles epidemics

  12. Controlling the Spanish Empire • Mexico, Central America, & South America, & some Caribbean Islands • Made Spain wealthy • Slave labor in mining & farming • Forced them to become part of the encomienda system

  13. Alvar Cabeza de Vaca & Estevanio The Spanish Push North

  14. Ship wrecked in 1528 near Galveston, Texas • Rescued by Spanish raiders after 8 years • Searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola

  15. Also searched for the Cities Traveled northward from Texas to Kansas Francisco de Coronado

  16. Landed near Tampa Bay, Florida in 1539 Hernan de Soto

  17. Traveled through Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, & Oklahoma • Died of fever in 1542 • First European to cross the Mississippi River

  18. Forts for Defense • Neglected Areas • The Southeast Coast (Florida) • Lots of gold • The Southwest (New Mexico) • The West Coast • Trade across the Pacific

  19. Missionaries • Presidios- survived because of the Franciscans

  20. Native American Resistance to the Spanish • Resistance broke out in 1597 & continued through the 1600’s • Generally disorganized

  21. Pueblo people united into the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 • Drove the Spanish out of Santa Fe • Destroyed all signs of Christianity & European culture • Killed Priests, colonists, soldiers, & destroyed missions • Similar rebellions in Florida

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