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World War II

Explore the events leading to World War II, from Germany surrendering in WWI to the US's involvement and the eventual peace. Discover major battles, leaders, and the impact on the home front.

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World War II

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  1. World War II US Involvement: Beginning to Peace

  2. Events Leading to WWII • 1918 – Germany surrenders ending WWI • 1919 – Treaty of Versailles • 1922 – Mussolini becomes Italy’s dictator • 1923 - Hitler writes Mein Kampf • 1924 – Stalin rises to power

  3. Events Leading to WWII • 1929 – World Wide Depression leads to rise of dictators • 1930 – Japan invades Manchuria • 1932 – Japan invades Shanghai • US condemns (Open Door Policy) but stays isolated

  4. Events Leading to WWII • 1933 – Hitler gains power in Germany • Begins operation of Dachau • 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia > US passes 1st Neutrality Act • Hitler rearms the Rhineland • Axis Powers formed (Germany / Italy) • 2nd Neutrality Act passed by the US

  5. Events Leading to WWII • 1937 – Japan invades China > US issues 3rd Neutrality Act • 1938 – Germany annexes Austria > Munich Pact is signed (appeasement towards Hitler) • Neville Chamberlain: 'Peace for Europe' - CBC Archives

  6. Events Leading to WWII • 1939 – Hitler invades Poland – start of WWII • 1940 – Japan joins Axis powers> US starts draft • 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor > US enters war

  7. Allies

  8. Allied Leaders • US : FDR / Truman / MacArthur / Eisenhower • Great Britain: Winston Churchill • USSR: Josef Stalin • France: Charles de Gaulle

  9. Axis Powers

  10. Axis Powers Leaders • Germany: Hitler • Italy: Mussolini • Japan: Emperor Hirohito / General Tojo

  11. Major Events in Europe • 1939: Germany invades Poland with blitzkrieg • 1940: France falls to Nazis. Battle of Britain – air raids known as the blitz • 1941: Germany invades the Soviet Union – breaks the non-aggression pact

  12. Major Events in Europe • 1942-43: Battle of Stalingrad – turning point because Russian soldiers start marching west • 1943: Allied troops defeat Axis armies in North Africa (Called Operation Torch) • July 1943: Italy invaded by Allies

  13. Events in Europe • June 6, 1944: Allied invasion of Normandy France . The largest such invasion in history • Over 150,000 soldiers • Designed by General Eisenhower • Known as D-Day • Over 11,000 casualties • August , 1944 Paris was liberated and Allies begin their push towards Germany

  14. D-Day (Operation Overlord)

  15. Events in Europe • December 1944: Last German offensive called Battle of the Bulge • April 12, 1945: FDR dies • April 1945: Allied troops meet at the Elbe River in Germany – Hitler commits suicide • May 8, 1945: V-E Day • Victory in Europe

  16. Problems with Japan • The U.S. and Japan had been competing for trading rights and resources in the South Pacific. • Japan imported much of its steel and oil from the U.S. • The US cut these supplies off(Embargo) to Japan as a protest to the Japanese invasion of China- also sinking of USS Panay

  17. Events in the Pacific • December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • Dec 8, 1941: US declares war on Japan and enters WWII • FDR describes it as “A day that will live in infamy.”

  18. Pearl Harbor

  19. Events in the Pacific • 1941-42: Japan seizes the Philippines • MacArthur vows “I shall return” • 1942: Battle of Midway • 1944-1945: Iwo Jima and Okinawa

  20. Events in the Pacific • US Island Hopping to main island of Japan • Truman told there would be a possiblity the US would lose 1 million troops with a land invasion of Japan • Aug 6, 1945: US drops bomb on Hiroshima (Enola Gay : Little Boy) – estimated 100,000 killed instantly • Aug 9, 1945: Bombed dropped on Nagasaki (Fat Man) – estimated 80,000 killed instantly

  21. Little Boy

  22. Fat Man

  23. Atomic Bomb • Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Reenactment - Video

  24. World War II Diplomacy • Atlantic Charter: (1941) peace after the war (Churchill and FDR) • Casablanca: (1942) “victory on all fronts”> only unconditional surrender (Churchill and FDR) • Cairo: (1943) planning Normandy • Teheran Conference: (1943) FDR, Churchill, Stalin >invasion of Germany • Yalta: (1945) FDR, Churchill, Stalin > division of Germany • Potsdam: (1945) warning Japan to surrender to prevent utter destruction

  25. Home front During WWII • US was an “arsenal of democracy” • Blackout drills/rations • Were afraid of attacks on the US • US was trying to adjust to a war time economy • Needed supplies for the war

  26. Home front During WWII • War Bonds > people would support the war by giving the gov’t loans • In return you got a certificate and a promise to from gov’t to pay back loan with interest

  27. Home front During WWII • War Production Board / War Labor Board > gov’t agencies to keep production going • Women • Found jobs > not forced to return to the home after the war • “Rosie the Riveter” • Women chose to return home after the war (Baby Boom Era)

  28. Home front During WWII • Also found jobs in the workforce > need to keep production high for the war effort • Faced discrimination in both the North and South

  29. Home front During WWII • Seen as spies • Executive Order 9066>100,000 moved to internment camps • Korematsu vs. United States • SC ruled FDR had the right to contain Japanese-Americans due to national emergency of WWII and to protect national security

  30. Results of the War • US and USSR become world powers = Cold War • Atomic Age > threat to world peace • Nuremberg Trails • 1945 & 1946 • 25 high level Nazis for “crimes against humanity (Holocaust) • 3 acquitted and 12 executed • UN • Peace keeping / human rights protection • NYC • Security Council / General Assembly • US does join

  31. US After WWII • WW II brought the US out of the Great Depression • Several works stoppages after WW II >had to adjust to soldiers coming home and a peace time economy • As a way to help these veterans adjust to civilian life the government created the GI Bill of Rights- buying homes/$$$ college • Taft – Hartley Act > US gov’t could get a court injunction to delay a strike for 80 days if it endangered health or safety of the public

  32. US After WW II • Election of 1948 • Truman (Democrat) vs. Thomas E. Dewey (Republican) • Truman wins in an upset • Truman’s “Fair Deal” and “New Society” • Extension of the New Deal • Established low-income housing, raised minimum wage, increased the # of people under the Social Security Act

  33. Extension of Civil Rights and Truman • National Security Act of 1947 • Form an Air Force • Increased dept of Defenses’ power • Joint Chief of Staff • CIA • Segregation and discrimination throughout the US and WWII > Jim Crow laws in the South and de facto segregation in the North • Change was coming: • Jackie Robinson, 1947 > 1st African American to play Major League Baseball • President’s Commission on Civil Rights > informs the public • Executive Order banning segregation in the military • Investigated businesses with contracts with the gov’t that practice segregation

  34. Objectives of US After WWII • Protect US interests abroad • Avoid nuclear war • Help other nations (social and economic) • Promote democracy • Stop communist expansion (Containment) • NATO • April, 1949 > 12 nations • “an attack on one would be considered an attack on all” • Member nations would act together in common defense • Anti-communism

  35. Policies created as part of Containment • Truman Doctrine-USA will aid any nation in Europe to stop the spread of communism. • Marshall Plan USA gives $13B aid to Western Europe to rebuild after war, to stop the spread of communism. • Central Intelligence Agency-collects intelligence / information about other nations-Spying

  36. US After WWII • Warsaw Pact • Communist Answer to NATO • 8 nations • 1955 • Warsaw Pact • Communist answer to NATO • 8 nations • 1955

  37. Churchill claims people in Eastern Europe are forced to live behind an Iron Curtain

  38. War Department becomes Defense Department

  39. US Foreign Policy During Cold War1946-1991 • Containment- • Stopping the spread of Communism

  40. First Hot Spot of Cold War • Berlin 1948- USSR closes rail and roads into Berlin. • The U.S. airlifts supplies for 321 days the USSR ends the blockade in 1949. • This would not be the last time Berlin would be a hot spot during the Cold War.

  41. Looking for Commie Spies

  42. Executing Spies

  43. The Korean War 1950-1953 • Korea was divided at the 38th Parallel after WW2- North Communist- South Democratic • June 1950- North invades South • As part of its Containment Policy the U.S. and United Nations troops attempt to Stop the spread of communism. • The goal was to keep the nation divided at the 38th parallel, and not to involve the Chinese or Russians.

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