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N EW S CIENCE A REAS

N EW S CIENCE A REAS. Pete Strutton College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, OSU 1. Coastal CO 2 fluxes 2. ‘Natural’ P vs I curves 3. Equatorial upwelling studies - TIWs 4. Atlantic riverine inputs and biogeochemistry. Coastal CO 2 Fluxes. The idea

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N EW S CIENCE A REAS

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  1. NEW SCIENCE AREAS Pete StruttonCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, OSU 1. Coastal CO2 fluxes 2. ‘Natural’ PvsI curves 3. Equatorial upwelling studies - TIWs 4. Atlantic riverine inputs and biogeochemistry

  2. Coastal CO2 Fluxes The idea Recent work has quantified the magnitude of the Oregon coastal upwelling CO2 sink. CO2 concentration in the coastal environment (and the equatorial regions for that matter) is associated with characteristic chlorophyll and SST signatures. Using techniques such as multiple liner regression, it should be possible to determine sea surface pCO2. Combining this with winds from either scatterometer(s) or coastal/buoy meteorological stations will facilitate flux calculations.

  3. Coastal CO2 Fluxes

  4. Coastal CO2 Fluxes Requirements Right now it appears chlorophyll and SST will enable significant progress, but can we envisage future developments that might lead to greater enhancements? Temporal resolution ~3 hours is not necessarily required, but this is a dynamic environment and ~3 hours will enable cloud ‘clearing’. Proposed spatial resolution (300m) is adequate, but the geolocation specs may limit co-location and re-location – not just for this but for other applications?

  5. Natural P vs I Curves The Idea Natural fluorescence changes as a function of time of day (irradiance). Does this temporal variability contain information about phytoplankton physiology and productivity? Current polar-orbiting satellites are restricted to (at best) one measurement per day. Can we construct a ‘natural’ P vs I curve

  6. Natural P vs I Curves 12:00 13:00 11:00 14:00 10:00

  7. Natural P vs I Curves Requirements Sufficient sensitivity (and the wavelength) to measure natural fluorescence Multiple measurements per day, ideally >3 between 10:00 and 14:00. Implies hourly sampling. Proposed spatial resolution probably appropriate.

  8. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Pacific The idea Equatorial Pacific is the largest oceanic source of CO2 to the atmosphere (~50% of US fossil fuel flux). Much of the physical and biogeochemical focus is on El Niño. However, tropical instability waves (TIWs) may be the strongest modulators of air-sea CO2 flux and carbon export. Difficult to quantify because of their dynamic nature and cloud contamination.

  9. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Pacific

  10. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Pacific

  11. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Pacific Requirements Co-located, high spatial resolution chlorophyll and SST. Cloud-free (microwave) SST is available now but at low resolution (50km). High temporal resolution to alias clouds and accurately map these dynamic features (50km day-1). Natural fluorescence to help determine physiological status of phytoplankton at different locations within the waves. Open ocean imaging is not a priority but this might fall within the category of climate- or carbon-relevant process studies.

  12. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Atlantic The idea Amazon outflow and the French Guiana / Suriname coast characterized by extremely dynamic coastal environment. Mobile mud belts, fed from the Amazon, export massive quantities of organic matter important trace metals to the coastal ocean. Tidal flats characterized by extremely high productivity, much of it in microbial mats that have life cycles ~hours. Significant export as far as the equatorial Atlantic.

  13. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Atlantic

  14. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Atlantic

  15. Equatorial Upwelling Studies: The Atlantic Requirements Since high productivity is occurring on tidal flats, we need to be able to resolve those time scales: 3 hours minimum. High temporal resolution will also help to alias clouds and observe the flux to the equatorial band. Heavy sediment load so we need better coastal chlorophyll algorithms. Spatial resolution of 300m would be adequate, but higher resolution is desirable: spatial scale of mud belts is ~kms. Again, may not be a priority but is it climate-relevant?

  16. Other Potential Science Applications Species composition, including HAB identification and tracking. Determination of favorable light environments for species with particular pigment signatures. Improved productivity algorithms and products by virtue of the improved temporal resolution. Seagrass and coral reef mapping, productivity – spatial resolution limiting?

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