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Drugs acting on the CNSII

Unit 8 Week 5 Dr.Mohammed Hassan. Drugs acting on the CNSII. Al-Hamadi , Drugs acting on the CNSII . 4medstudents.com 2003. Drugs acting on the CNS 2 . Parkinson ’ s disease epilepsy. Parkinson ’ s Disease. Definition: Progressive neurological disorder of muscle movement. Symptoms:

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Drugs acting on the CNSII

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  1. Unit 8 Week 5 Dr.Mohammed Hassan Drugs acting on the CNSII Al-Hamadi , Drugs acting on the CNSII. 4medstudents.com 2003

  2. Drugs acting on the CNS 2 • Parkinson’s disease • epilepsy

  3. Parkinson’s Disease • Definition: • Progressive neurological disorder of muscle movement. • Symptoms: • Tremor • Muscular rigidity • Bradykinesia • Postural abnormalities • Aetiology: • Reduction in the activity of inhibitory dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum.

  4. Parkinson’s Disease: • Drugs used in the treatment Parkinson’s Dopamine Dopamine inhibit Dopamine increase dopamine Anti- Precursor Agonist metabolism release cholinergic

  5. Dopamine Precursors • Levadopa (L-Dopa) • Matabolic precursor of dopamine • Cross blood brain barrier • Required in high doses because the drug is decarboxylated to dopamine in the periphery. • Carbidopa: • Enhance the effect of L-Dopa by diminishing its metabolism in the GI tract and peripheral tissues. • Action • Decreases the rigidity, tremors and other symptoms of parkinsonism • Therapeutic uses • Parkinson's disease

  6. Dopamine Precursors • Adverse effects: • Peripheral effects: • Nausea, vomiting, tachycardia and hypotension • CNS effects: • Visual and auditory hallucination • Precautions: • Vitamin B6 increase the peripheral breakdown of L-dopa. • Hypertensive crisis caused by increased in catecholamine production • glaucoma caused by increased in intraocular pressure • Cardiac patients may develop arrhythmias • Antipsychotic drugs produce parkinsonian syndrome themselves Goodbye dopamine precursors

  7. Welcomedopamine agonist drugs • Bromocriptine • A lot of side effects • Hallucinations • Confusion • Nausea • hypotension Goodbye Bromocarptine

  8. Dopamine metabolism inhibitors: • Inhibit the metabolism of dopamine, therefore increase its level • Selgiline Goodbye Selgiline

  9. Drugs that increase dopamine release: • Amantadine: • Increase the synthesis, release or reuptake of dopamine from surviving neurons • Adverse effects: • Restlessness • Confusion • Hallucination • Hypotesion • Dry mouth Goodbye Amantadine

  10. Welcome Anti-Muscarinic Drugs: • Benzotropine: • Induce visual problems and mood changes • Adverse effects: • Pupillary dilatation • Confusion • Hallucination • Urinary retention • Dry mouth Goodbye Parkinson's Disease

  11. Epilepsy and Antiepileptic drugs • epilepsy: • Definition: • Family of different recurrent seizure disorders that have in common the sudden, excessive and disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons. • Etiology: • Unknown cause in (80%) • 20% due to • Infection • Malformation • Hyperkalemia • Decrease the activity of inhibitory system • Increase the activity of excitatory system

  12. Antiepileptic drugs • Phenytoin • Carbamazepine • Phenobarbital • Valproic acid • ethosuximide

  13. Welcome (Phenytoin) • Actions: • Stabilizes neural membranes by decreasing the flux of sodium ions in neurons in the resting state or during depolarization. • Therapeutic uses: • Only for epilepsy Goodbye Phenytoin

  14. Welcome (Carbamazepine) • Actions: • Reduce the propagation of normal impulses in the brain by blocking sodium channels.. • Therapeutic uses: • Epilepsy and pain Goodbye Carbamazepine

  15. Welcome (Phenobarbital) • Actions: • Potentiation of the inhibitory effect of GABE mediated neuron. • Therapeutic uses: • Epilepsy Goodbye Phenobarbital

  16. Welcome (Valproic acid) • Actions: • Enhance GABA action at inhibitory synapses • Therapeutic uses: • Epilepsy Goodbye Valproic acid

  17. Welcome (Ethosuximide) • Actions: • Reduce prepagation of abnormal electric activity in the brain • Therapeutic uses: • Epilepsy Goodbye Ethosuximide

  18. AntiEpileptic Drugs • Adverse effects: • Hypotension • Sedation • Confusion • Muscle problem • neurotoxicity

  19. Thank You Team

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