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Environmental and Socioeconomic Risks of Shrimp Aquaculture

Environmental and Socioeconomic Risks of Shrimp Aquaculture. Erin Farrell, Chris Lang, Sarah Von Lehman Team A04-B. Summary. Environmental and Socio-economic Aspects of shrimp aquaculture Physical environment Water Quality Negative and Positive Socio-economic

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Environmental and Socioeconomic Risks of Shrimp Aquaculture

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  1. Environmental and Socioeconomic Risks ofShrimp Aquaculture Erin Farrell, Chris Lang, Sarah Von Lehman Team A04-B

  2. Summary • Environmental and Socio-economic Aspects of shrimp aquaculture • Physical environment • Water Quality • Negative and Positive Socio-economic • What are the environmental risks associated with shrimp aquaculture?

  3. Problem Statement • Resource intensive • High demand for product • Escalation of risks

  4. Physical Environment: Shift to Intensive Aquaculture • Becoming lucrative in early 1980s • Traditional practices • One crop per year • 100-500 kg shrimp / hectare • Semi-intensive and intensive practices • 2-3 crops per year • 1,000-10,000 kg shrimp / hectare

  5. Mangrove Functions & Resources • Trap sediments • Process nutrients & organic matter • Provide food and habitat • Protect shorelines • Provide plant products

  6. Mangrove Destruction • Feed, seed, energy, and fresh water • Lifespan of 5-10 years • 1993-1994 > increase of 200,000 ha of shrimp ponds in Asia

  7. Water Quality • Feed and Gut Passage Times • How fast food is digested • How completely it’s digested • Depends on species and Food Content • Uneaten Food, Feces • Eutrophication / Anoxia

  8. Taura Syndrome Virus Healthy Shrimp Shrimp Infected with TSV Recent studies show possible transferance to mammalian species (including human and monkey)

  9. Other Water Quality Issues • Salt water intrusion • Nutrient Enrichment (Effluent) • Particulate organic matter (decayed / live plankton) • Fertilizers / Insecticides (N and P) • Antibiotics

  10. Water Quality • Turbidity and Sedimentation • Increasing acreage = soil erosion • Canals, roads, & other infrastructure • Plants intolerant of salinity Pond area in production in southern Honduras from 1985 to 2000

  11. Positive Shrimp Culture • Economic • $56.47 Industry 2000 • Many communities rely on shrimp culture

  12. Sustainable methods • Use less intense shrimp practices • Lower stocking densities resulting in higher survival rates • Less diseases • Less inputs into system

  13. Land delegation • Rotate between shrimp and rice • Delegate productive rice fields • Education is essential

  14. Education • Types of shrimp • Other possibilities for crops • Using currents • Dry season feed • Less intensive

  15. Negative Aspects • Local farmers can not compete • Cut off from mangroves • Government backing

  16. Conclusions • Industry expansion • Water quality and environmental impacts • Educate • Move toward sustainability

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