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The Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther and the Spread of Protestantism

Explore the Protestant Reformation initiated by Martin Luther in 1517, including the division between Catholics and Protestants, the decline of indulgences, and the spread of Protestantism across Europe. Discover how religious turmoil unfolded in England, especially with King Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church. Analyze key events and figures such as Zwingli, Calvin, and Henry's multiple marriages.

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The Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther and the Spread of Protestantism

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  1. The Spread of ProtestantismAnd the Catholic Reformation(There was a change in the Christian religion along with what we’ve seen earlier)

  2. Photo Analysis #1 In groups appoint a writer/searcher (all) and leader(presenter):

  3. Photo Analysis #2:

  4. Similarities/DifferencesHow are these 2 similar? Different?

  5. Martin Luther • The Protestant Reformation was begun by a German Monk named Martin Luther in 1517. Breaks Christians into two main sides: Catholics and Protestants . • Luther and many others saw the Catholic Church of the 1500s as corrupt; especially it’s practice of selling indulgences: paying the Catholic Church to have one’s sins absolved and assure them entrance to heaven. • After much thought, on Oct. 31st 1517, Luther (now a priest and professor) nailed a sign on the Wittenberg Church door with his 95 Theses whichcriticized indulgences and other church policies! Printed copies quickly spread across Germany.

  6. Tie-in for today…Briefly Discuss in your collaborative groups: • 1. What scandal(s) have rocked the Catholic Church in today’s world? • 2. Do you think religion is less important in society today than in the 1500s? Why or why not?

  7. Sales of INDULGENCES declined quickly, Luther was excommunicated in 1521 and then was brought to the Diet(meaning council) of WORMS to recant his views in front of German (catholic) princes. He refused! Was labeled a heretic (NON BELIEVER) and an outlaw and goes into hiding!

  8. Spread of Protestantism (sec 4) • In the 1500s Protestantism spread throughout Europe but divisions within it began to appear • 1525: Swiss priest named Zwingli in the city of Zurich set up a theocracy: meaning a church run state. An army of Swiss Catholics rose up to fight the folk of Zurich and defeated them. (one of the many religious wars to take place between European Catholics and the new Protestants) • John Calvin: 1541 Another Swiss church leader in Geneva. He started his own brand of Protestantism which became known as Calvinism and was democratic in nature. • He spread the belief o f Predestination:That God alone determines the fate of every person. Calvinism urged peoples to overthrow “ungodly ” rulers. Contributes to rise of later revolutionary movements.

  9. England’s Church Turmoil • Reformation ideas filtered into England in 1500s. An argument occurred between the Pope and King Henry VIII and brought these ideas into English politics. • Henry VIII had first married a Catholic Spanish princess named Catherine of Aragon who did bear him a daughter, MARY. Henry, however, wanted a male heir to the throne, believed Catherine too old to produce more kids, asked for a divorce so he could marry the cute Anne Boleyn. • Pope refused.

  10. So Henry ordered parliament to pass: The Act of Supremacy in 1534, this made Henry the head of the English Church instead of the Pope. And he broke all of England away from the Catholic church. • The New Church of England kept many of the Catholic doctrines and forms of worship. • Henry did close monasteries, seized Catholic lands etc. • Some English Catholics,( like Sir Thomas Moore) did complain about the change and were beheaded! ….OOPs, don’t complain to the KING!

  11. Henry’s Wives: The good, the bad and the beheaded. Henry (as head of the Church) had the Church of England declare his divorce from Catherine. After his second marriage to Anne, Boleyn did give Henry a daughter, Elizabeth, but still no son. • Henry, not happy, after a few years had Anne beheaded ( accused of an affair with her brother, NEVER happened) • Henry married 4 more times to: • Jane Seymourm. 1536 - 1537Died after giving birth to a son : Edward • Anne of Clevesm. 1540 Jan. - JulyDivorced • Kathryn Howardm. 1540 - 1542Executed • Katherine Parrm. 1543 – 1547 Widowed.

  12. VLA reviews: • #1. Martin Luther clip: each group appoints a writer and a presenter and creates a list of 4+ KEY facts or details from the video: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt5AJr0wls0 • Be ready to share! • Horrible histories: Wives of Henry VIII: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-sEach group again appoints (a different presenter/writer and will create a detail list an attempt to give one fact on each of the 6 wives! (will play this twice!)

  13. Mini review: • In groups (or individually at home if time runs out) appoint a writer, presenter and researchers (trick statement you are ALL researchers!) and create a WEB of what your group agrees are the top 10+ facts from the 1st part of this power point. (what we covered thus far. • Be ready to share and sing it! (jk on the singing part…)

  14. Photo Analysis

  15. England’s journey to Anglicanism • Bonus HISTORY!: After Henry VIII’s death Edward (son of Jane Seymore)became Edward IV at age nine and ruled England until he died in his late teens. • replaced by Catherine’s daughter Mary who became known as “Bloody Mary” (for burning protestants to death while trying to restore Catholicism to England by force.)

  16. After Catholic Queen Mary’s death in 1558, her half sister Elizabeth (daughter of Anne Boleyn) becomes Queen Elizabeth I and fully transforms the English Church to Protestantism with some Catholic features, this blend becomes Anglicanism and pleases most Englishmen… • (except Puritans who want to chop out all remaining bits of Catholic ritual and flee to New World later…)

  17. The Catholic Reformation • During the 1530s and 1540s Pope Paul III set out reform the Catholic Church and stem the advance of Protestant ideas. • Council of Trent: met off and on for 20 yrs until 1563: reaffirmed Catholic teachings and declared that church tradition was equal in importance to what is written in the Bible. (must follow Papal decrees) • Also said only Bible version to read is the LATIN version (Protestants printed Bible in local tongues) also Mass in Latin • Started SEMINARY SCHOOLS to ensure a better educated clergy • Encouraged new art and architecture style called baroque Which stressed emotion complexity and exaggeration for dramatic effect. Examples:

  18. Baroque Art example

  19. The Inquisition • Started in 1232, as a church court, courts set up across Europe, especially Spain, Italy and France. • Used to convert heretics (non believers; those who spoke against decrees of Catholic Church) • courts used persuasion then if that failed torture! Often accused people without evidence. • To deal with Protestant threat, Inquisition strengthened in 1500s by Pope Paul III • Introduced censorship and Banned certain books to curtail humanist and Protestant thinking

  20. Inquistion Torture tools

  21. A Divided Europe • 1555: Peace of Augsberg :signed between Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and German Princes, allowed each ruler to choose the religion of their subjects • Catholicism: stayed popular in Southern Europe, places like Italy, France, Spain Portugal and southern Germany • Protestantism: popular in Northern Europe, places like Scotland, Netherlands, Northern Germany and Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway) • England had a blend of Protestant and Catholic called Anglicism • Religious Wars between the 2 factions did break out in 1500s and early 1600s (30 Years War started like this in 1618 to 1648) • European Jews caught in the middle and persecuted by both sides (except in tolerant Netherlands)

  22. Video Learning Reviews: In groups appoint a writer and presenter and write down 4 plus details or facts observed in each video: • Reformation: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi5qR7tflG0 • Spanish Inquisition: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFL2vvK63dg

  23. Review summation activity • In groups of 3 or less, appoint a leader (presenter), writer and researcher and write down the TOP 10 questions from sections 2 through 5 that your group feels will be on Chapter 5 Quiz…be ready to ask other groups of your choosing! (last group “standing: will win a tiny bit of ec…. Towards the chapter 5 quiz on Monday…)

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