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Cell: The basic unit of life. Binniya Mary Benny B. Ed Student 2015-17 No: 28. OBJECTIVES To identify and explain cell as basic unit of life. To study different cell organelles , their functions and similarities. To study different parts of an animal cell. THE CELL
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Cell: The basic unit of life Binniya Mary Benny B. Ed Student 2015-17 No: 28
OBJECTIVES • To identify and explain cell as basic unit of life. • To study different cell organelles , their functions and similarities. • To study different parts of an animal cell.
THE CELL • The basic unit of life. • All organisms made up of cells. • Varies in size and shape. • Microscopic cells.
Cells are covered by cell membrane. • All substances inside the cell membrane constitute the protoplasm. • The part of cytoplasm excluding nucleus is cytoplasm. • Cell organelles are specific parts seen in the cytoplasm to perform physiological functions. • Cells are differentiated into plant cell and animal cell. There are some structural differences between them. But functionally same.
Components • Cell membrane • Protoplasm • Cytoplasm • Cell nucleus • Nucleolus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • Ribosomes • Lysosomes • Vacuole • Centrosome • Microtubule
CELL NUCLEUS • Referred to as the control center of the cell. • The genetic material of the organism is present in cell nucleus. • Replication of DNA& synthesis of RNA occurs. • Regulates the activities of other cell organelles. • NUCLEOLUS • Structure with in nucleus • Helps in synthesis of ribosomes. Nucleolus Nucleus
Power house of the cell. • Helps in the production and storage of energy. • Cellular respiration • Abundantly seen in the cells of liver, brain and muscles where energy requirement is high. • The energy produced is ATP. MITOCHONDRION
The passage in the cell. • Network for transport of certain substances in and out of the nucleus. • Conduction of materials inside the cell takes place through this organelle. • Also known as cytoskeleton as it provides firmness and shape to the cell. • Composed of rough and smooth ER.(RER & SER) • Exists in three forms: Lamellae, Vesicles & Tubules • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
RIBOSOME • Centre of protein synthesis in the cell. • Known as protein factories. • Seen either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm. • Have two sub units. Large subunit and small subunit.
GOLGI COMPLEX • Collects cell secretions like enzymes, hormones, mucous etc., in small vesicles. • Seen in plenty in glandular cells. • Seen plenty in glandular cells. • Involved with processing and packaging of the molecules that are synthesized by the cells. • The crude proteins that are passed on by the ER to the apparatus are developed by Golgi apparatus into primary, secondary and tertiary proteins.
MICROTUBULES • Hollow rods • Functions as support and shape to the cell. • LYSOSOME • Referred as suicide bags of cell • Have digestive enzymes and are involved in clearing the unwanted waste materials from the cell. • Engulf damaged materials like damaged cells, invading microorganisms & digest food particles.
Vacuole • VACUOLE • Large storage organelles • Store excess food or water • CENTROSOME • Found in centrosome. • Play major role in cell division. • Organize the microtubules assembly during cell division.
REFERENCES • SCERT Text book, STD viii • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/cell • http://biology.about.com>AboutEducation>Biology>Cell Biology • http://biololgy tutorvista.com/animal-and-plant cell
