Presentation Skills

1. Presentation Skills ENC 3254 Speaking & Writing for Premed Students

2. Presentations are expensive. Consider whether it is really necessary. Cost in salaries of audience Cost in time for presentation Cost in time to prepare presentation

3. Work can come alive for audience Work C A Presenter can read audience and react B D C ? ! ? Presenter receives instant reaction ! Presentations have several advantages over documents

4. ? ? ? Speaker has limited chance to catch errors audience Audience cannot reread text has one chance to hear Audience cannot look up background material Presentations also have disadvantages

5. What are the most common public speaking challenges? • Anxiety • Lack of preparation time • Not knowing your purpose • Not knowing the audience

6. Communication Apprehension • The Book of Listsranks fear of public speaking as the #1 fear, even ahead of death, disease, and nuclear war. • A 2001 Gallup Poll found that public speaking was second only to a fear of snakes.

7. What are the causes of CA? • Fear of Embarrassment • Fear of Failure • Fear of Rejection

8. Overcoming or Controlling CA • Know your environment • Relax • Breathe • Use extras wisely • Keep your focus on the material • Know your material & practice • Your audience is on your side

9. Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

10. Structure and Speech Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech Visual Aids

12. Who are they? What do they know? Why are they here? What biases do they have? Begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints audience to inform to persuade to inspire to teach formality size time purpose occasion

13. There are 2 messages in any speech: 1. The one you send 2. The one the audience receives

14. Challenge:Audiences can be Poor Listeners • Reactive to trigger words or topics • Listen faster than you can speak • Prefer info similar to their beliefs • Retain very little

15. Goal: Be Compelling • Know Purpose of Speech • Know Audience • Show Value of Message • Build Rapport

16. Types of Speeches • Informative • Informative/Persuasive • Persuasive

17. Types of Audiences: Demographics • Technical or Non-technical • Educational Level • Age

18. Types of Audiences: Situational & Psychological • Occasion • Size of Room & Group • Roles & Motives • Culture • Feelings about you or your topic

19. Goal: Present a clear message • Speech Overview/Preview Prepares Audience • Use Connectives/Transitions Signals Topic Change • Review Points Enhances Audience Retention

20. As with documents, the structure of presentations should have clear beginnings, middles, and ends B e g i n n i n g E n d i n g Middle

21. Shows importance Defines work Work = A + B Maps presentation Gives background B C A D Beginnings prepare the audiencefor the work to be presented

22. Speech Organization • Introduction • Attention grabber • thesis/central idea • relation statement • qualifications (if necessary) • preview/forecast

23. Speech Organization-Organizational Patterns • Body—or middle of the speech, presents the information in a logical order • Topical • Triad • Chronological • Problem/Cause/Solution • MMS

24. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Step 1--Attention • Step 2-Need • Step 3-Satisfaction • Step 4-Visualization • Step 5-Action

25. pre-combustion methods combustion methods combustion methods post-combustion methods In the middle, make smooth transitions between major points

26. point 5 point 6 point 7 point 8 point 1 point 2 point 3 point 4 point 1 point 7 Summary The ending should summarize main points and place those results in the context of the big picture Big Picture

27. Speech Organization • Conclusion • forewarn audience of ending • summarize your main points • remind audience of desired response • end in an upbeat manner

28. Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

29. AIP Cal-Tech Voice Cal-Tech Movement Stage Presence Delivery is the speaker’s interaction with the audience

30. Goal: Be Captivating & Memorable • Delivery How You Give the Speech • Verbal Techniques Volume, Rate, Emphasis, Vocal Variety, Articulation • Non-verbal Techniques Personal Appearance, Gestures, Eye Contact • Language Enhances Understanding

31. Accent & Emphasis Complement Reinforce Regulate/Control Contradict Substitute Delivery Functions

32. There are several choices speech delivery Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact - difficult for long speeches - room for precision errors - no room for improvising Reading From a Text + ensures precision - does not sound natural - no room for improvising - hinders eye contact Speaking Extemporaneously + insures organization + allows eye contact + allows improvising - some room for error Winging It + sounds natural - has much room for error

33. Delivery Essentials~65% of total message • Eye Contact and Facial Expression • 50% of nonverbal message • Body Movement--body language • hand gestures, walking, podium use • Vocalics or Paralanguage • 30% of nonverbal message • Distracting Mannerisms

34. Structure and Speech Visual Aids Delivery Archives, Cal-Tech

35. “The ability to communicate is everything.” --Lee Iacocca Former CEO, Chrysler Corporation