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Muscle , muscle tissue tendons

Muscle , muscle tissue tendons. Dr. Anna L. Kiss Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Semmelweis University Budapest 2017. General myology. Musculature : actíve component of the movement Structure : striated muscle ( skeletal ) tendons : dense connective tissue

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Muscle , muscle tissue tendons

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  1. Muscle, muscletissuetendons Dr. Anna L. Kiss Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Semmelweis University Budapest 2017

  2. General myology Musculature: actívecomponent of themovement Structure: striatedmuscle (skeletal) tendons: denseconnectivetissue connectivetissuesheath: fascia (epimysium)

  3. Muscletissue • Smooth muscle • Stiated muscle • Cardiac muscle Function: contraction Origin: mesoderm Structure: cellsor „fibers”

  4. Smooth muscle • phylogenetically the most ancient type • spindle shaped cells • slow, non-synchronized, unvoluntary contraction • actin and myosin are NOT arranged in registers • internal organs wall

  5. Smooth muscle Nucleus: in the middle of the cells

  6. Smooth muscle thick filaments: myosin thin fialments: actin dense bodies: to help the contraction

  7. Contraction of smooth muscle

  8. Smooth muscle contraction Forthecontraction: Caion:caveolae Ca-binding protein: calmodulin Contractile protein: actin+myosin ATP

  9. Striated(skeletal) muscle

  10. Striated muscle: a.) skeletal b.) visceral c.) cardiac Structure: muscle fibers: multinucleated giant cells (syncitium: fusion of the embryonic myoblasts) lenght: > 30cm diameter: 10-100 µm

  11. Skeletalmuscle

  12. ElectronMicroscopicpicture Sarcomere: functional unit

  13. Structural unit of thestriatedmuscle: sarcomera Muscle fibers myofilaments: contractile proteins: actin and myosin regularly arranged cross striation

  14. Sarcomereduringcontraction

  15. Skeletal muscle

  16. Contractileproteins Thinfilaments Myosinhead: actinbinding site + ATP binding thickfilaments

  17. Sarcomere

  18. mysosine binding site mysosine head

  19. Forthecontraction of theskeletalmuscle: • contractile proteins: actin and myosin • Ca2+ (stored in sER) • impulse transfer from the sarcoplasm to sER-re (triads) • ATP (directly from kreatin phosphate, 20 mmól/kg) • mitochondria • oxigen (myoglobin + haemoglobin) anaerob (fermentation) aerob (biological oxidation) glikogén

  20. Triád: a.) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels: T-tubules (transverse) SR ciszterna b.) Ca 2+ -ATP-ase Ca 2+ outflow Ca 2+ back to the SER

  21. Types of the skeletal muscle „white” muscle „red” muscle size small large fibers diameter slow fast contraction light (white) color dark (red) numorous few numorous few numorous few fat in the cytoplasm fewer numorous glycogen in the cytoplasm fewer larger amount bigger resistancy smaller

  22. Cardiac muscle

  23. Cardiac muscle • cells (bifurcation; X or Y shaped branching cells) • cross striation: actin and myosin are in register • nucleus is in the middle of the cells • intercalated disc (Eberth’s line – junctions) • lots of capillaries • lipofuscin by aging

  24. Cardiac muscle • Intercalateddisc: • specialjunctionsbetweencells • fastimpulsecinduction

  25. Intercalated disc (Eberth’s line) • fascia adherens • desmosoma • gap junction (nexus)

  26. Cardiac muscle

  27. Finestructure of thecardiacmuscle • diad • large amount of mitochondria

  28. impulse condacting cells: Purkinje cells non-differentiatedmusclecells!!

  29. proximal end: origin belly tendon distal end: insertion

  30. Structure of the tendon tendon sheath a.) outer, fibrous layer b.) inner, synovial layer mesotendon

  31. Muscle • shape: spindle, triangular, quadrangular, flat • venter (belly), caput (head), tendineous intersection, aponeurosis, • unipennatus, bipennatus,

  32. biceps spindle unipennate bipennate

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