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Timeline of History

Delve into the fascinating world of cells with this detailed timeline of history and exploration of cell theory. Learn about the key components such as the cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, and more. Discover the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and explore the intricate processes within cells. From the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria, to the vital role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, uncover the remarkable complexity of cellular structures. Animated demonstrations bring the fluid mosaic model and endomembrane system to life. Gain insights into cell division, organelle functions, and the significance of cell walls in plant cells. Embark on a visual journey into the inner workings of cells!

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Timeline of History

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  1. Timeline of History

  2. The Cell

  3. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells (organisms are either unicellular or multicellular) • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • All cells arise from preexisting cells

  4. Cell Organelles • “little organs” • specialized parts of the cell which carry out specific life functions

  5. Bacteria - Prokaryotes • Lacks Nucleus • Has Cell Wall ( Most of the time ) • DOES NOT have membrane bound organelle

  6. Eukaryotes • Have Nucleus • Has membrane bound organelle

  7. 1. Cell ( Plasma ) Membrane • separates cell from surrounding environment • controls the movement of molecules into or out of the cell • selectively permeable (semi-permeable) • visible with the compound microscope

  8. Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure • flexible structure with freely moving pieces • composed mainly of lipids and proteins • fluid mosaic model animation

  9. Draw What I Draw

  10. Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure • proteins extend through the membrane or (transport proteins) • other proteins on outside act as receptors for communication

  11. Cell Membrane

  12. 2. Cytoplasm • watery material between the cell membrane and the nucleus • suspends organelles • site of chemical reactions

  13. 3. Nucleus • contains DNA -Genetic Info • surrounded by a nuclear membrane that has pores • visible under the compound light microscope

  14. Nucleus

  15. 4. Nucleolus • site of ribosome synthesis • located within the nucleus

  16. 5. Ribosomes • site of Protein Synthesis • Using information from DNA

  17. 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum • network of channels for carrying substances from one part of the cell to another

  18. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Rough ER is dotted with Ribosomes to make enzymes to be secreted from the cell

  19. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Smooth ER lacks Ribosomes. Deal with taking out toxins from the body

  20. 7. Golgi apparatus

  21. 8. Golgi apparatus • stacks of membranes forming flattened sacs • Process, Package, (transported out of the cell) Golgi apparatus animation Endomembrane system animation

  22. Exocytosis – release of a substance outside of the cell membrane by the fusion of a vacuole

  23. 9. Lysosomes • sac of digestive enzymes • digest organic molecules, worn-out cell structures, harmful bacteria

  24. 10. Vacuoles • variety of functions: 1) food vacuoles 2) contractile vacuoles in freshwater protists pump out excess water 3) plant cells have a large central vacuole for water and nutrient storage

  25. 11. Mitochondria (Mitochondrion) • “powerhouse of the cell” • site of cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen is converted to energy in the form of ATP ( Energy)

  26. 12. Centrioles • found in pairs near cell nucleus • involved in cell division • found in animal cells but not plant cells

  27. PLANT CELL: • Does NOT have Centrioles • HAS Chloroplasts • HAS Cell Wall -

  28. 13. Chloroplasts • found in plants, algae • contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light to start photosynthesis

  29. Chloroplasts

  30. 14. Cell Wall • found in plant cells only • made of cellulose • provides protection & structure for the cell; prevents expansion

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