PCEA ON CLIMATE CHANGE – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016

1. IMC PRESENTATION ON COP21 OUTCOMES AND KEY ELEMENTS OF PROPOSED SA POSITION FOR COP22 TO BE HELD IN BAB IGHLI, MARRAKESH, MOROCCO FROM 07TH – 18TH NOVEMBER 2016. PCEA ON CLIMATE CHANGE – 14 SEPTEMBER 2016 1

2. PURPOSE • To provide the Portfolio Committee with the: • Outcomes of COP21 In Paris, and • South Africa’s approach for COP22 in Marrakesh, Morocco (7th – 18th November 2016). 2

3. UNFCCC COP 21 • Culmination of the process we started in Durban at COP17; • The key outcome was the historic Paris Agreement (PA), which will define the global fight against climate change; • Also a set of decisions on the process over the next five years, during which the details of its implementation will be negotiated. 3

4. Key Features of the Paris Agreement • A strong, legally-binding international framework to guide the global response to the global challenge of climate change • Recognition of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities between developed and developing countries consistent with the UNFCCC; • The goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, while urging efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees; • A global adaptation goal; • Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by all countries every five years, to contribute to the global goals for mitigation and adaptation;each NDC will be a progression; • Countries must report on implementation of their NDCs. 4

5. Some of the details of the Paris Agreement • New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) will be submitted every five years (for 2025, 2030 etc); • A global stocktake will occur every five years to assess progress in implementation, and countries will consider the outcomes of the stocktake in their NDCs; • Adaptation is central to the PA – it establishes a global adaptation goal and regular reporting; • Developed countries will continue to provide and mobilize finance to support developing countries in the post-2020 period; • A new market mechanism with similarities to the CDM will be developed, as well as another mechanism to provide for bilateral or multilateral co-operation on mitigation; • Loss and damage from impacts of climate change is dealt with separately from adaptation; • Provisions for technology transfer, capacity-building and response measures • The Agreement established the long term vision and the Framework to guide the enhanced actions on technology development and transfer; • The Agreement covers the issue of loss and damage from impacts of climate change and also acknowledges loss and damage as separate from adaptation; • Calls for a new market mechanism, similar to the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol; • Established the Paris Committee on Capacity-building to deal with gaps and needs for developing countries; • Calls for the continuation of a Forum on the Impact of response measures to address the effects of the implementation of response measures; and 5

6. Decisions covering the pre-2020 period • The Ad-Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement (APA) was established, to develop rules for the Paris Agreement in the period before 2020; • CMP 11 concluded the rule set for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (end 2020) after four years of negotiations; • CMP11alsoconcluded a Review of the modalities and procedures for the Clean Development Mechanism. This will make it easier for countries in Africa to implement the CDM; • A Technical Examination Process on Adaptation was establishedto identify concrete opportunities for strengthening resilience, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing the implementation of adaptation actions in the pre-2020 period; • Financial pledges to the Adaptation Fund - $75 million; and • Financial pledges to Least Developed Countries Fund- $248 million. 6

7. Ratification of the Paris Agreement by South Africa • To consolidate the success of Paris, all countries were urged to ratify the Paris Agreement as soon as possible; • It is important that South Africa continues its leadership role in the international negotiations by ratifying the PA early; • On the 22nd April 2016, South Africa became a signatory to the Paris Agreement, which in terms of its Article 20 the Agreement, shall be open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017; • The Paris Agreement enters into force on the 30th day after the date on which at least 55 parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least 55% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the depository. • The UN Secretary-General has arranged a high-level event in New York on 21 September 2016 to encourage Parties to deposit their instruments of ratification. 7

8. Ratification of the Paris Agreement by South Africa • The USA in particular, is focused on exerting political pressure for all the leading economies in the G20 countries, including South Africa, to join the Paris Agreement at the UNSG´s event. Should the majority of G20 countries do so, the Paris Agreement may even come into force as early as this year. • Currently, 29 countries including the US and China as well as two African countries (Cameroon and Somalia) have ratified the PA and accounting for 39% of total global emissions. • South Africa’s process is guided by section 231(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and this includes national stakeholder consultations, a socio-economic impact assessment and Parliamentary approval • All preparatory work is currently underway. 8

9. Implications for South Africa • The Paris Agreement requires South Africa to: • submit a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) every five years. We submitted our Intended Nationally Determined Contribution to the UNFCCC in 2015, which applies to 2025 & 2030. The next NDC (applicable to 2035) will be due in 2023. • develop policies and measures (PAMs) to implement our NDCs, and to report on progress. This work is well underway. • account for our NDC (the extent to which we have met the goals of our NDC). A national climate change response tracking system is in place, and the first annual climate change response report has been published. • submit biennial reports to the UNFCCC on national circumstances, emissions, adaptation and other facets of climate change. The 2nd Biennial Update Report has been published for public comment. • South Africa should submit regular communications on adaptation, and also develop a long-term low-carbon development strategy. This work has been initiated 9

10. What we are doing, and will need to do • The development of South Africa’s National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy is well underway, and a framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions has been agreed by Cabinet. • A climate change response monitoring and evaluation system has been developed to track South Africa’s transition to a lower carbon and climate resilient economy. • However, we will have to increase the pace of implementation • We will have to scale up investments significantly in renewable energy, public transport, energy efficiency, waste management and land restoration initiatives country-wide, in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions intensity of our economy. • All spheres of Government will need to refine their strategies for adapting to the impacts of climate change, and for enhancing the capacity of institutions, services, infrastructure, human settlements and ecosystem services to respond to and bounce back from the impacts of climate change. 10

11. What will happen at COP 22 • COP 22 will be focused on beginning the process of developing rules to guide the work of Parties under the Paris Agreement. The UNFCCC negotiating forums all have tasks related to preparing for the entry into force of the Paris Agreement. • The Adhoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement will provide further guidance on the features of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and their adaptation component and/or other adaptation communication. • It will also begin consideration of modalities and procedures for the enhanced transparency framework under the Agreement and modalities of the global stocktake outlined in Article 14 of the Agreement. • COP 22 should provide a roadmap to ensure that all the work will be concluded in time to be adopted by the first meeting of the Parties to the PA in 2020, and also make rapid progress with important issues to be addressed re the pre-2020 period, particularly on finance. • There will be a High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Financing at COP 22, focusing on adaptation finance and needs for support for readiness activities. 11

12. South Africa’s approach to COP 22:focus on pre 2020 • Scaling-up of finance for adaptation in the pre-2020 period, given that impacts of climate change are already having impacts, and specifically a discussion on the future of the Adaptation Fund; • Scaling up funding for mitigation,technology transfer, capacity-building in the pre-2020 period • Ensuring progress in the technical examination process for mitigation, and especially in the newly-established technical examination process for adaptation, and how to link these to implementation; • Ensuring a successful launching of the Paris Committee on Capacity Building and its work plan between 2016 and 2020; 12

13. South Africa’s approach for COP 22 The Paris Agreement • A clear work programme leading up to entry into force of the PA, which also addresses the potential problems of entry into force before 2020; • Inclusion of adaptation in NDCs as agreed in Paris; • Developed Parties need to provide a clear pathway to realise the $100 billion per annum by 2025 (and scaled up thereafter) and on the provision of technology and capacity building. 13

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