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Unit 5 Respiratory Infections

This article discusses the susceptibility of young children to respiratory infections due to their immature immune system, smaller airways, and unique physical characteristics. It also covers common respiratory infections such as epiglottitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis/RSV, and pneumonia, as well as the assessment and interventions for these conditions.

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Unit 5 Respiratory Infections

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  1. Unit 5 Respiratory Infections 7/11/05

  2. Young Children & Respiratory infections • Susceptibility • Immune system immature • Smaller & shorter airways • Small chest and large abdomen • Less aveoli • Abdominal breathing

  3. Acute Respiratory infections • Epiglottis • Acute larynogotracheobronchitis (LTB) • Pertussis • Bronchiolitis / RSV • Pnemonia • Many others

  4. Assessment • LOC • Respiratory rate • Work of breathing • Retractions • Nasal flaring • Stridor, Grunting, Wheening • Color (perfusion) • Breath sounds

  5. Intervention • Monitor closely - pulse oximetry • Maintain airway – may need intubation • Oxygen and mist therapy • Chest physiotherapy • Positioning • Maintaining fluids and nutrition • Medications • Antibiotics (if appropriate) • Nebulizer treatments: bronchodilators • Others

  6. Epiglottitis • Bacterial (Haemohilus influenzae) • older children (1-8yr) • above the glottitis • painful throat • drooling • muffled voice • high fever Lateral neck

  7. Epiglottitis • Position Tripod position Leans forward • Restless, anxiousProgressive airway obstruction can occurDO NOT MANIPULATE BACK OF THROAT!

  8. Bronchiolitis/ RSV

  9. Rare over 2 years of age (peak age 2-5 mo.) Maximum effect at the bronchiolar level 80% caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Bronchiole mucosa swelling, mucus and exudate. Degree of obstruction especially on expiration. Hyperinflation of lungs atelectasis Bronchiolitis

  10. Diagnosis • Symptoms: • URI • Wheezing, retractions crackles, dyspnea • Diagnostic tests: • Nasal or nasopharyngeal • IFA or rapid immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) • ELISA

  11. Nursing • Infection control • Handwashing • Gloves & gown • Assigned to RSV patients only • No pregnant women assigned if receiving Ribavirin.

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