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GENERAL OF THE ANATOMY VETERINER

GENERAL OF THE ANATOMY VETERINER. INTRODUCTION GENERAL OSTEOLOGY AND THEIR CONNECTION. GENERAL MYOLOGY & THEIR SUPPORT. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY GENERAL ANGIO-NEUROLOGY.

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GENERAL OF THE ANATOMY VETERINER

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  1. GENERAL OF THE ANATOMY VETERINER INTRODUCTION GENERAL OSTEOLOGY AND THEIR CONNECTION. GENERAL MYOLOGY & THEIR SUPPORT. GENERAL SYNDESMOLOGY GENERAL ANGIO-NEUROLOGY

  2. ANATOMY : (according to Vesalius 1543): should rightly be regarded as the firm foundation of the whole art of medicine and its essential preliminary. • The anatomy introduces the student to a large portion of the medical terminology

  3. INTRODUCTION THINK OF DIVERSITY……..> PHILOSOPHY ….> ……BIOLOGY ……..> ANATOMY.

  4. NATURAL SCIENCES *ABIOLOGY (physic, mathematic, etc ) *BIOLOGY : * Physiology * morphology: -anatomi  phytotomy, zootomy. -embriology -histology

  5. ANATOMY • ANATEM (YUNANI): THE CUTTING APART OR DISASSOCIATION OF PARTS OF THE BODY. • IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE WHICH DEAL WITH THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF ORGANISM.

  6. PARTS OF THE ANATOMY • MACROSKOPIS ANATOMY ( GROSS ANATOMY) • MICROSKOPIS ANATOMI (HISTOLOGY )

  7. DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH OF THE ORGANISM • EMBRIOLOGY: development of the foetus from fertilisation - till partus • ONTOGENY: is used to designated the entire development of the individual. • PHILOGENY (THE ANCESTRAL HISTORY): is constituted by the evolutionary changes which it has undergone, as disclosed by the geological record.

  8. ORGANISM AS STUDYING OBJECT *SPECIAL ANATOMY : anthropotomy, kinotomy dan hippotomy *COMPARATIVE ANATOMY : is the discription and comparison of the structure of animals, and forms the basis for their classification.

  9. VETERINARY ANATOMY • Is a branch which deals with the form and structure of the the principal domesticated animals. • It is usually pursued with regard to professional requirements, and is therefore largely descriptive in character.

  10. HOW TO STUDY ANATOMY • SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY • TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY • APPLIED ANATOMY

  11. SISTEMATIC ANATOMY Contains of : • Osteology • Syndesmology • Myology • Splanchnology • Angiology • Neurology • aesthesiology

  12. LATIN LANGUAGE TERMS • VALID IN THE BODY • Dorsal • Ventral • Cranial • Caudal • anal dorsal cranial caudal ventral

  13. Long Axis

  14. Proximal - distal Proximal: going up Distal : goin down

  15. Cranial/rostral – aboral (only in the head) aboral rostral oral

  16. LATIN TERMS dorsal cranial anal caudal CRANIAL ventral

  17. Oral Apical Aboral Nuchal Anterior posterior Superior Inferior The terms are only in the head

  18. Proximal Distal Dorsal Volar Palmar plantar Ulnar Radial fibular Tibial Lateral Medial Median Sagittal Transversal horizontal Moving bones

  19. Plana median Median: divides the body in the middle  bilateral simetris.

  20. SAGITTAL Cutting the body parallel with median plane

  21. Dexter Sinister Externus Internus Profundus Superficialis Transversus longitudinal Ecto Meso Endo Epi Peri Dia Hypo dan Hyper basis dan apex margo Direction orientasion

  22. CHARACTERIZATION • Magnus • Brevis • Major/ majus • Minor/ minus • Dorum • Molle • Supra and infra

  23. facies Fovea Facialis Fascia Foramen Sulcus Fasciculus canalis Cavum Caverna(caverno-sus) Caput Condylus Collum Spina crista Form and the structure terms

  24. PROC TRANSVERSUS Proc transversus

  25. PROC SPINOSUS Proc spinosus

  26. ANATOMY in the RADIOLOGY • X-RAYS WAS INVENTED IN 1895 BY CONRAD ROENTGEN. • FOR DIAGNOSE, TREATMENT AND RESEARCH • THE X-RAYS BEAM IS SO TINY. IT CAN PASS THROUGH THE ATOMS OF THE TISSUE OF AN ANIMALS WHICH ONLY CERTAIN PARTS OF THE X-RAY BEAM BEING “STOPPED” OR “ABSORBED” BY ORBITING ELECTRONS, PROTONS OR NEUTRONS IN THE EXPOSED TISSUES.

  27. BONES SYSTEM AND THEIR CONNECTIONS • FERTILISATION  ZYGOTE (mitosis: cleavage)  MORULA  BLASTULA  GASTRULA  divides into 3: - ectoderm : external layer skin & nerve - endoderm: internal layerviscera - mesoderm: middle layer muscles & bones

  28. SKELETON FUNCTIONS • SUPPORT THE BODY • TO MAKE A BODY FORM • TO PROTECT THE WEAK ORGANS • PASSIVE MOVING ORGANS • FOR FIXING THE MUSCLES • PLACE TO PRODUCES BLOOD • RESERVOAR OF THE CHEMICALS: Ca & P

  29. ZUM OF THE BONES • Every animals are different • example: horse 205 parts cattle 191 – 193 parts chickens 160 parts human 206 parts (old), 270 ( birth) Factors ras & ages

  30. THE POSITION OF THE SKELETON • Skeleton axialis • Skeleton appendicularis • Skeleton visceralis : examples: os penis : dog & cat os cordis : cattle os glandis : cat os hyodeus: vertebrata

  31. Morphology of the bones • OSSA LONGA • OSSA PLANA • OSSA BREVIA • OSSA IRREGULARIA

  32. OSSA LONGA(long bones)

  33. Ossa plana(plain bones)

  34. OSSA BREVIA(short bones)

  35. OSSA IRREGULARIA

  36. Development of the bone(osteogenesis) • 1.osteogenesis intramembranosa (desmalis = primer): mesenchym cells osteoblast  osteocyt  matrix becomes thick & compact (osteoid)  calcifications  punctum ossification. • 2. osteogenesis intracartilagenosa (enchondralis = secundair): starts by soft bones: mesenchym cells chondroblast chondrocyt (depend on the length of the bones) ossification. Osteoblast :to destroy the bones that have been made physiologically.

  37. Ossifiction centers • Development : • interstitial development ( from middle of the tissue) • Appostitional development (from the lateral, the changes of the connective tissue covering the bones)

  38. GROUP I horse nihil cattle nihil sheep nihil GROUP II human 31 rabbbit 32 dog 34 cat 34 pig 3 guinea pig 3 PUNCTUM OSSIFICATION VERTEBRATA post natal

  39. Mature (adult) • 1. mature of the genital: start from genital function actively and properly. ♂: wet dream & ♀: menstruation • 2. mature of the body : all bones already finish their punctum ossification  means the development and growth of the bones stop.

  40. genital & body mature • ANIMALS GENITAL BODY • horse 1 year 4-5 yrs • cattle 5-9 months 4-5 yrs • Sheep/goat 6 months 4-5 yrs • pig 3-4 months 4-7 yrs • dog 8 months 1,5-2 yrs

  41. Bones Structures • macroscopic structure • microscopic structure • chemicals and physicals structures

  42. STRUCTURE MACROSCOPIC SUBSTANSIA SPONGIOSA SUBSTANSIA COMPACTA

  43. compact and spons bones spongiosa compact

  44. parts of long bone EPIPHYSA DIAPHISA

  45. Ossa pneumatica • SINUS : air spaces within compact substance instead of spongy bone and marrow and hence, are called pneumatic bones. The cavities are termed sinuses and lines with mucous membrane; they communicate indirectly with the external air SINUS

  46. DIPLOE • The flat bones of the cranial vault and sides are composed of an outer layer of ordinary compact substance, the lamina externa, an inner layer very dense bone, the lamina interna or tabula vitrea, and between these a variable amount of sponge bone, here termes diploe

  47. Physic of long bone capsula cartilago Osseous epiphysis epiphise plate Osseous metaphisis

  48. CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL STRUCTURE • chemical: organic : anorganic 1:2 • Bone composition: gelatin 33,30% calcium fosfat 57,35% calcium karbonat 3,85% magnesium fosfat 2,05% natrium carbonat& clorida 3,45%

  49. BONES APPENDEX • Periosteum / endosteum: it has a potential to make new layer bone • Soft bone (cartilago): it use for shock absorber articulation between bones. • Tendo, ligamentum: it a fixation apparatus between bones or with muscles.

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