1 / 19

Comparative Anatomy General Body Plan

Comparative Anatomy General Body Plan. Note Set 2 Chapters 2 & 4 . Pharynx (fair-inks) with slits. Figure 3.1: Pharyngeal arches lateral view and (b) ventral cross section. Pharyngeal arches - associated with slits Anamniotes (lower vertebrates)- have gill slits

vandana
Download Presentation

Comparative Anatomy General Body Plan

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Comparative AnatomyGeneral Body Plan Note Set 2 Chapters 2 & 4

  2. Pharynx (fair-inks) with slits • Figure 3.1: Pharyngeal arches • lateral view and • (b) ventral cross section. • Pharyngeal arches- associated with slits • Anamniotes (lower vertebrates)- have gill slits • Amniotes- have slits in embryo but gills never form • Endodermal pouches- pharyngeal pouch that grows toward surface of animal • Ectodermal groove- pharyngeal groove on outside that grows toward each pouch

  3. Embryo Figure 3.2: Embryo pharyngeal arches. Figure 3.3: Embryo development at 1 month.

  4. (a) • In tetrapods, 1st pharyngeal slit becomes auditory tube and middle ear cavity • Aortic arches housed by pharyngeal arch (b) Figure 3.4: Early pharyngeal devel.. of shark (a) early stage (b) later stage.

  5. Figure 3.5: Fate of the pharyngeal arches. • 1st (mandibular) arch- mandibular and maxillary portions • 2nd (hyoid) arch • Other arches are numerically named • Most vertebrates have 6 pairs of arches

  6. Figure 3.6: Pharyngeal arches. • Each pharyngeal arch contains a cartilage, artery, mesoderm component, and cranial nerve.

  7. Body Plan • Head • Trunk • Tail Figure 3.7: Sagittal section of craniate embryo.

  8. Head • Head • Cephalization- development of sense organs • Protective covering of dermal bone (not replacement bone) or cartilage Figure 3.8.

  9. Trunk • Somites- muscle masses beside notochord; embryonic structures that turn into bone • Coelom- body cavity between gut and body wall, lined by peritoneum Figure 3.10. Figure 3.9: Coelom.

  10. Trunk (cont.) • Other visceral organ cavities: • Heart- pericardium • Lungs- pleura • Abdomen- peritoneum Figure 3.12: Pericardium and pleural cavities. Figure 3.11: Pericardium cavities.

  11. Tail • From body to end of the digestive tract • Somites and notochord • Innervations • Dorsal and ventral aorta • Food storage, defense, locomotion

  12. Pituitary Development • Stomodeal ectoderm plate pushes inward and forms pocket (Rathke’s pouch) that leads to anterior lobe • This invagination meets the dienchephalon’s infundibular process which forms the posterior lobe Figure 3.13 Figure 3.14

  13. Characteristics of Vertebrates • Divided into two superclasses: Pisces and Tetrapoda • Demonstrate bilateral symmetry • Distinguishing features of vertebrates: • Presence of notochord • Pharynx with slits • Dorsal tubular nervous system • Developed vertebrae • Post anal tail

  14. Notochord • Most primitive endoskeletal structure • Jawless fish- n.c. long and enlarged • Cartilagenous fish- n.c. surrounded by cartilagenous vertebrae • Bony fish and amphibians- n.c. surrounded by larger vertebrae • Amniotes- n.c. almost lost

  15. Notochord (cont.) • In mammals, between successive centrum are disks • Within disks, the notochord is mostly replaced with pulpy nucleus Figure 3.15: Vertebrae. Figure 3.16: MRI scan of notochord.

  16. More Vertebrate Features • Dorsal Nervous System • CNS- brain and spinal cord • Anamniotes- 10 pairs of cranial nerves • Amniotes- 12 pairs of cranial nerves • Vertebrae column • Backbones • Post-anal tail Figure 3.17: Vertebral column.

  17. Anatomical Directions Figure 3.18. Figure 3.19.

  18. Cranial Nerves • Olfactory • Optic • Oculomotor • Trochlear • Trigeminal • Abducens • Facial • Vestibulocochlear • Glossopharyngeal • Vagus Amniotes only: • Spinal Accessory • Hypoglossal Figure 3.20

  19. Literature Cited Figure 3.1- http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v2/n11/images/nrg1101-858a-i1.gif Figure 3.2- http://www.ratbehavior.org/images/EmbryoPharyngealArches.jpg Figure 3.3- http://islam.org.hk/It_is_the_Truth/somites.htm Figure 3.4, 3.7, 3.8, 3.10, & 3.18- Kent, George C. and Robert K. Carr. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2001. Figure 3.5- http://pharyngula.org/images/arch_fates.gif Figure 3.6- http://connection.lww.com/Products/sadler/imagebank.asp Figure 3.9- http://www.sci.nu.ac.th/biology/elearning/picture5/7_coelomate.jpg Figure 3.11- http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/thoraxlesson4.htm Figure 3.12- http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/A&P%20body%20cavities.htm Figure 3.13- http://people.musc.edu/~wilburd/Head%20and%20Neck%20I/sld012.htm Figure 3.14- http://www.cushings-help.com/rathke.htm Figure 3.15- http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/saortho/chapter_62/62mast.htm Figure 3.16- http://www.telepathology.com/cases/forum/case17g.jpg Figure 3.17- http://anthro.palomar.edu/primate/footnote.htm Figure 3.19- http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Terms%20for%20anatomical%20location Figure 3.20- http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/nerv_sys_fin.html

More Related