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Phase 3: Southern theatre (1778-1781)

Phase 3: Southern theatre (1778-1781). “Southern Strategy” Attempt to draw on Loyalist sympathies Coastline and navigable rivers lend themselves to British Naval strength . Utilize ports as secure holdings Launch forays into the countryside Press North to pacify the colonies

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Phase 3: Southern theatre (1778-1781)

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  1. Phase 3: Southern theatre (1778-1781) • “Southern Strategy” • Attempt to draw on Loyalist sympathies • Coastline and navigable rivers lend themselves to British Naval strength. • Utilize ports as secure holdings • Launch forays into the countryside • Press North to pacify the colonies • Slaves in the South could be utilized against colonists • "all indentured servants, Negroes, or others...free that are able and willing to bear arms...” - Lord Dunmore (Royal Gov. of Va) 1775

  2. Siege of Charleston(May 1780) • Clinton and Cornwallis • Follows the success at Savannah Georgia (1778) • Largest capture of American forces (5,500) • Southern Strategy continues to work • Start south  march north

  3. Battle of Camden (Aug. 1780) • Continental Congress moves forces away from Washington to create a southern army under Horatio Gates • British win easily • Gates is replaced by Nathanael Greene • Began to launch small isolated guerilla raids throughout the backcountry • Supplemented by colonial militias

  4. Cowpens & Guilford courthouse(1781) • Battle of Cowpens (Jan. 1781) • Americans under Daniel Morgan win decisively • Battle of Guilford Courthouse (March 1781) • Cornwallis defeats Greene, but at a huge cost • Retreats to the Coast @ Wilmington

  5. The Battle of Yorktown (oct. 1781) • Cornwallis moves into Virginia to cut off Colonial supplies • The problem… high costs of victory • Forced to turn back… to the coast • Protected by the British fleet, his position on the peninsula is secure… UNTIL…. • French naval forces under Comte de Grasse arrive from West Indies… why in West Indies? • Washington and Continental Army begin move on Yorktown. Deploys Lafayette to attack • After a 3 week siege, British surrender on Oct. 17, 1781

  6. Aspects of the Treaty of Paris • Acknowledging the United States as free & independent • Establishing US Boundaries • Fishing rights off of Newfoundland • Debts to be paid • The Congress encourages states to give back property to loyalists • United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of Loyalists • Return of prisoners of war • Access to the Mississippi for both GB & US • Territories captured by Americans after the treaty will be returned • Timing of ratification

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