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Catalyst – “Macromolecule Word Problem”

Catalyst – “Macromolecule Word Problem”.

cody-maldonado
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Catalyst – “Macromolecule Word Problem”

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  1. Catalyst – “Macromolecule Word Problem” • Orthostatic proteinuria is a disease detected by the presence of protein in the urine. It is also an indicator of kidney disease. Describe two body functions that may be lacking in individuals with orthostatic proteinuria. Hint: think about protein functions in your body.

  2. Cells • Levels of Organization • Cells: • All life has ≥1 cell(s) • Basic unit of life (anything before not living) • Cells come from living cells Atoms Molecules Monomers Macromolecules/ Polymers Cells Organisms

  3. Cells Cells Eukaryotic Prokaryotic • Single or Multicellular • True Nucleus • Complex • Single Cell • No Nucleus • Simple Bacteria Fungi • Early life • Found almost everywhere Archaea • Mostly multicellular • Rigid cell walls • Consume dead matter • Extreme conditions (salt, heat, no oxygen) Plant Protist • Multicellular • Photosynthesis for food • Rigid cell walls • Chloroplasts • Mostly unicellular • Don’t fit in, but plant-like, animal-like, or fungi-like Animal • Multicellular • Digest their food • Can move independently

  4. Cells *Any cell part is called an “organelle” • Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria, Archaea) Cytoplasm -Gel-like fluid Nucleoid (DNA) - NO membrane around DNA Ribosome - Makes proteins Pilus (pl. Pili) - Attach to other bacteria Capsule - Additional Protection Flagellum (pl. Flagella) - Movement Cell Wall - Rigid Shape • Plasma/Cell Membrane • Encloses cell • Regulates entrance & • exit of substances

  5. Cells • Eukaryotic (Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist) Centrioles -Organize cell during division Cytoplasm Vacuole (Animal) -Store food, water, waste & minerals (small) Ribosomes Plasma/Cell Membrane Peroxisome -Breaks down fatty acids Cytoskeleton -Structure & internal movement Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum -Transports & folds proteins Lysosome -Enzymes breakdown macromolecules Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum -Lipid Synthesis Golgi Apparatus -Packages macromolecules to be shipped out of cell Mitochondrion (pl. Mitochondria) -Provides energy Flagellum (sometimes)

  6. Cells • Zoom-In on Nucleus • Nucleus • Regulates all cell activity • Membrane bound • Contains DNA Nucleolus -Synthesizes ribosomes Nuclear Envelope -Encloses Nucleus • Nuclear Pore • Exchange materials

  7. Cells • Eukaryotic (Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist) Cell Wall -Rigid shape, prevents bursting from too much water Plasmodesmata -Transport & communication b/twn cells Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Vacuole (Plant) -Store food, water, waste, & minerals (large) Chloroplast -Use sunlight to synthesize sugar (photosynthesis) Peroxisome Mitochondrion Nucleus -Nucleolus -Nuclear Pore -Nuclear Envelope Ribosomes Smooth ER Plasma/Cell Membrane Rough ER

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