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Elements of Music (continued)

Elements of Music (continued). Rhythm. Rhythm. (General) The ordered flow of music through time (Specific) a pattern of durations of notes and silences in music. Beat. Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time

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Elements of Music (continued)

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  1. Elements of Music (continued) Rhythm

  2. Rhythm • (General) The ordered flow of music through time • (Specific) a pattern of durations of notes and silences in music

  3. Beat • Regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time • In music from the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, the beat was called a tactus • If you can tap a steady pulse to a piece of music, then it has a beat • Some music, such as Gregorian Chant, doesn’t have a beat

  4. Underlying BEAT structure for “Frere Jacques” (Are you sleeping) 1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5 etc. Beats

  5. Underlying BEAT structure for “Frere Jacques” (Are you sleeping) 1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5 etc. etc. Beats Subdivisions

  6. Underlying BEAT structure for “Frere Jacques” (Are you sleeping) 1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5 ACCENT - dynamic emphasis of a note

  7. Underlying BEAT structure for “Frere Jacques” (Are you sleeping) 1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5 S W S W S W Strong Weak

  8. Meter • Organization of beats into regular groups • These recurring patterns most often are grouping of 2, 3, or 4 • 2 (Duple) - Example: HAYDN “Surprise” Symphony • 3 (Triple) - Example: BRAHMS “How Lovely” • 4 (Quadruple) - Example: BEETHOVEN Mvt. 1 from Symphony No. 5

  9. IGOR STRAVINSKY “Dance of the Adolescents” from Rite of Spring 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 Accented notes occurring on regularly unaccented beats or subdivisions

  10. Syncopation • Accenting of a note at an unexpected time, as between two beats or on a weak beat or subdivision • Examples: • WILLIAM GRANT STILL Afro-American Symphony • PHILIP GLASS “Knee Play 1” from Einstein on the Beach

  11. Rubato • Slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo to intensify the expression of the music, often used in romantic music • Example: • FREDERIC CHOPIN - Nocturne in Eb

  12. Dotted Rhythms • Long-short rhythmic pattern in which a dotted note is followed by a note that is much shorter • Example: • GEORGES BIZET “Faradole” from L’Arlesienne Suite

  13. Tempo • Basic pace of the music • The absolute “speed” of the beat • Can be measured or indicated exactly by a Metronome Marking (beats per minute)

  14. Tempo Indication • Words, usually at the beginning of a piece of music, often in Italian, which specify the pace at which the music should be played

  15. Tempo Indication words • Largo, Adagio - slow • Andante, Allegretto, Moderato - moderately • Allegro, Vivace, Presto - fast

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