HS305 Research Methods for Health Sciences

1. HS305 Research Methods for Health Sciences Audio Seminar! Please be sure your speakers are on!

2. Agenda • Brain Teaser • Key Terms • Review of unit 9 paper • Review of descriptive statistics • Descriptive statistics and research designs

3. Personal Goal for Seminars • Create community of shared learners • Provide a summary of material from the week • Answer questions; clarify information as needed HAVE FUN!

4. Brain Teaser Interpreting information Where do 4 and 9 go in the following progression? 8, 11, 15, 5, 14, 1, 7, 6, 10, 13, 3, 12, 2

5. Brain Teaser Interpreting information What explains the following placement for 4 and 9? 8, 11, 15, 5, 4, 14, 9, 1, 7, 6, 10, 13, 3, 12, 2

6. Key Terms • Data Set • Nominal Data • Ordinal Data • Interval Data • Ratio Data • Normal Distribution

7. Unit 9 Project: Practical Application Parts 1 & 2 • Part 1: Data • Click on spreadsheet from the assignment sign • Download to your computer • Go to our text companion site • Part 2: Follow companion site directions to calculate the statistics for each of the two groups on the spreadsheet

8. Unit 9 Project: Getting to the correct directions Using Excel to compute descriptive statistics • Download spreadsheet to your computer from assignment site • Go to http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_leedy_practical_8/23/6131/1569569.cw/index.html • Click on down arrow and select chapter 11 • From menu at left click on Projects • Select Project 11.1 from middle screen •  Click on Analysis 1: Computing the descriptive statistics for group 1 • Use process to compute statistics for each of two groups in scenario

9. Unit 9 Project: Practical Application Part 3 Short paper • Describe the two groups and statistics for each group • Analysis: what conclusions can you reach based on the statistics? • Analysis of at least 2 problems with data set for making conclusions about exercise and weight

10. Project Requirements • Be thorough • Summarize, do not copy • Review grading rubric in weekly announcement before submitting • Ask questions if needed!

11. Writing Requirements • Organize your paper well • Be clear and concise • Check spelling and grammar • Use APA formatting • NEVER plagiarize!

12. Purpose of Statistics

13. Purpose of Statistics Numerical tools that: • Describe information • Illustrate trends • Allow comparison of different groups • Allow comparison of sample to population

14. Basic Types of Statistics • Descriptive Statistics – describe the characteristics of a population • Inferential Statistics – use sample data to compare • Sample to population • One sample to another

15. Caution • Statistics appear to be “facts” • Statistical tools depend on levels of measurement of variables • It is important to remember that statistics are easily misused • Review definitions and procedures of studies carefully

16. Descriptive Statistics • Measures to condense data – include counts and cumulative counts and totals • Measures of central tendency – “average” or most likely score • Measures of variability – how far away values are from each other • Measures of relationships - correlations

17. Measures of Central Tendency • Statistics that describe the average, typical or most common value for a group of data • Three measures of central tendency

18. Measures of Central Tendency • Statistics that describe the average, typical or most common value for a group of data • Three measures of central tendency • Mean • Median • Mode

19. Statistics: Example from Companion site Measures of Central Tendency

20. Measures of Variability • Describe how spread out values are in a distribution of values • Range: distance between highest and lowest • Percentile: a datum point below which lies a certain percentage of values in distribution • Standard deviation: the average variation of all values from the mean score

21. Statistics: Example from Companion site Measures of Variability

22. Measures of Relationships • Concern the correlations between variables • Correlation coefficients • Computed by pairing the value of each subject on one variable (X) with the value on another variable (Y) • Can vary from -1.00 to +1.00 • Several measures used for correlations

23. Correlations Positive Negative No Correlation

24. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Identify Research Design

25. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Identify Research Design Research Design = the process for conducting the study • Qualitative designs • Quantitative designs • Mixed Methods

26. Statistics & Research Design Review: • What is qualitative research?

27. Statistics & Research Design Review: • What is qualitative research? • Research designs aimed at achieving an in depth understanding of a phenomenon

28. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Research Designs Qualitative Designs • Case Study • Ethnography • Phenomenological • Grounded Theory • Content analysis • Historical research

29. Statistics & Research Design Review: • What is quantitative research?

30. Statistics & Research Design Review: • What is quantitative research? • Research designs aimed at finding out statistical patterns of variables related to a problem

31. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Quantitative Research Designs Experimental • True experiment • Quasi-experimental • Ex Post Facto • Factorial • Meta-analysis Descriptive • Observation Studies • Correlational Research • Developmental Designs • Survey Research • Checklists and Rating Scales

32. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Experimental Quantitative Research Designs Mixed Methods • Combine aspects of qualitative and quantitative designs • Very common • Most qualitative research includes some basic descriptive data

33. Common Mixed Design in Clinical Research Example Study of juvenile diabetes • Qualitative: case study • Quantitative: descriptive study using developmental approach

34. What do researchers consider in Choosing Research Designs?

35. Choosing Qualitative v Quantitative Research Techniques • Depends on purpose of research • Data available • How results are expected to be used

36. Purpose From: Table 5.1 Leedy & Ormrod (2010)

37. Nature of Process From: Table 5.1 Leedy & Ormrod (2010)

38. Data type and Collection From: Table 5.1 Leedy & Ormrod (2010)

39. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Identify Research Design Research Design = the process for conducting the study • Qualitative designs • Quantitative designs • Mixed Methods Which type of design do you think is preferable? Explain your answer!

40. Scientific Research Process Step 4a. Identify Research Design Research Design = the process for conducting the study • Qualitative designs • Quantitative designs • Mixed Methods Which type do you think would work best in your field? Explain your answer!

41. Questions? • Unit Questions link • AOL instant message: proflpburch • Email: lburch2@kaplan.edu • Phone if an emergency: 757-339-7494

42. Coming Attractions: Unit 10 • Seminar: None • Discussion: • Reflecting on what you learned • I hope you will give me your feedback!

43. HS305 Research Methods for Health Sciences Thanks for Participating!