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Nutritional Diets

Nutritional Diets. Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets. Food Allergy - Terminology. Food intolerance or adverse food reactions account for 1 to 6% of all dermatoses in general practice. No immunological reaction Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of allergic responses in dogs and cats.

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Nutritional Diets

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  1. Nutritional Diets Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets

  2. Food Allergy - Terminology • Food intolerance or adverse food reactions account for 1 to 6% of all dermatoses in general practice. No immunological reaction • Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of allergic responses in dogs and cats

  3. Food Allergy - MOA • Food allergy and food hypersensitivity: 3rd after atopy and FAD • Immune mediated • Type I hypersensitivity IgE binds with the antigen > mast cells to release chemicals • Type III hypersensitivity: GI signs

  4. Food Allergy – Clinical Signs • Canines: • Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): feet, axillae, inguinal • Alopecia • Lichenification, hyperpigmentation • Blepharitis • Urticaria • Chronic otitis externa • Peri-ocular dermatitis, Pododermatitis, anal sacculitis • Few have vomiting and diarrhea

  5. Food Allergy Lichenification: Dff: All chronic and pruritic skin diseases Hyperpigmentation

  6. Otitis externa

  7. Food Allergy

  8. Food Allergy – Clinical Signs • Felines • Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): head and neck • Alopecia • Miliary dermatitis • Ulcerative dermatitis • Many have vomiting and diarrhea

  9. Food Allergy

  10. Food Allergy

  11. Food Allergy

  12. Food Allergy - Allergen • Protein: 18-36,000 Dalton's average molecular weight • Proteins, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, polypeptides • Canine: Beef, dairy products,soy, chicken • Feline: Beef, dairy products, soy, fish

  13. Food Allergy - Diets • Protein: Novel or hydrolyzed • fish, rabbit, lamb, venison • Carbohydrate: Single easily digestible • rice, potatoes, barley, oats • Fats • Omega 3 and 6 • Vitamins • A and E • Minerals • Zn

  14. Food Allergy - Diagnosis • FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL • The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for 60-90 days. • This allows the body to become desensitized to the offending allergens. • When the previous diet is fed back to the pet, an acute hypersensitivity reaction may occur. • This helps to identify that a food was the source of the allergic signs

  15. Food allergy – Diets available Royal Canin • -Hypoallergenic HP – hydrolyzed protein • -Sensitivity RC – novel foods • -Sensitivity LR – novel foods • -Skin Support SS – novel food • -Potato and Duck – novel food • -Potato and Rabbit – novel food • -Potato and Whitefish – novel food • -Potato and Venison – novel food Hills • -d/d Duck – single novel protein • -d/d Lamb – single novel protein • -d/d Potato and Duck – single novel protein • -d/d Potato and Salmon – single novel protein • -d/d Potato and Venison – single novel protein • -d/d Rice and Egg – single novel protein • -d/d Salmon – single novel protein • -d/d Venison – single novel protein • -z/d low allergen – hydrolyzed protein • -z-d Ultra allergen free – hydrolyzed protein

  16. Food Allergy – Novel Proteins • Novel proteins • Hills d/d

  17. Food Allergy – Novel Proteins Fish and Potato

  18. Food Allergy – Hydrolyzed Proteins • Z/D: Less than 18,000 dalton • Ultra z/d: less than 3,000 dalton Hydrolyzed chicken

  19. Food allergy: Challenging

  20. Diabetes Mellitus

  21. Diabetes Mellitus - MOA

  22. Diabetes Mellitus • Definition: Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by an absolute or relative insulin deficiency • Type I – Insulin Dependent DM – very low or absent insulin secretory ability • Type II – Non insulin dependent DM (insulin insensitivity) – inadequate or delayed insulin secretion relative to the needs of the patient • More common in cats

  23. Diabetes Mellitus • Signalment: older patients, obese, top 3 disease in older cats • Clinical signs: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loose, cataracts – dogs, Plantigradestance (neuropathy) - cats

  24. Diabetes Mellitus

  25. Diabetes Mellitus • Diagnosis • Chemistry screen: hyperglycemia • Urinalysis: glycosuria

  26. Diabetes Mellitus • Treatment options • Insulin • Oral hypoglycemic drugs • Dietary management • Frequent meals

  27. Diabetes Mellitus • Dietary GOALS • Stabilizeblood glucose levels • Minimize postprandial hyperglycemia • Prevent hypoglycemia • Prevent or delay long term effects of the disease • Achieve and maintain an ideal body condition

  28. Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs • Carbohydrate • Complex • Fiber: High • Slows digestion, reduces the post-prandial glucose spike, promotes weight loss, reduces risk of pancreatitis • Vitamin E • Hill’s R/D or W/D

  29. Diabetes Mellitus - Cats • Protein: high • Carbohydrate: Low • Cats use protein as their primary source of energy – blood glucose is maintained primarily through liver metabolism of fats and proteins • Purina DM, Hill’s M/D • Often a diet change in cats can dramatically reduce or eliminate the need for insulin • this is particularly true for type II

  30. References • Miss Huff’s personal notes • http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=652 • http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swineclass/PDF/Companion%20Animal%20Nutrition_1.pdf • Won-Seok Oh, DVM, PhD, Nutrition and Canine Skin Barrier, World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2011 • Case, L. et.al. 2000. 2nd edition. Canine and Feline Nutrition • Dr. Ralf S. Mueller, Dermatology for the Small Animal Practitioner

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