What have we learned about astronomy this quarter?

AstronomyReview What have we learned about astronomy this quarter?

Question 1 • The model in which Earth is at the center of the system of planets is called the • Solar system • Heliocentric system • Geocentric system • Copernican system

Question 2 • The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line is called • Orbital speed • Mass • Inertia • gravity

Question 3 • The heliocentric view of the solar system gained support when Galileo observed • Sunspots • The phases of Venus • The moons of Jupiter • All of the above

Question 4 • Kepler used mathematics to show that the orbits of the planets are • Irregular • Ellipses • Circles • Triangles

Question 5 • Copernicus radical view of the solar system had what body at its center? • Earth • Moon • Jupiter • Sun

Question 6 • What do all of the inner planets have in common? • They have the same period of rotation • They have the same period of revolution • They have the same diameter • They are all small and have rocky surfaces

Question 7 • Saturn’s rings are made mostly of • Nitrogen and helium • Ice and water vapor • Volcanic dust particles • Ice and rocks

Question 8 • Uranus is different from the other planets because it • Is the farthest from the sun • Is mostly nitrogen and helium • Rotates on its side • Has the most moons

Question 9 • Comets most resemble • Large stony rocks • Large metallic rocks • Dirty snowballs • Clean snowballs

Question 10 • When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it produces a streak of light called • A meteor. • A meteorite. • An asteroid. • A meteoroid.

Question 11 • The electromagnetic spectrum is • All of the colors of light you can see with your eyes. • All of the different types of electromagnetic waves. • A band of color formed when white light passes through a prism. • The distance between the crests of two waves.

Question 12 • Both reflecting and refracting telescopes are designed to • Break visible light into the colors of the spectrum. • Separate visible light from ultraviolet and radio waves. • Gather and focus visible light. • Work better with short-wavelength radiation.

Question 13 • Reflecting telescopes differ from refracting telescopes in having • No eyepiece lens. • Two large objective lenses. • A mirror instead of an objective lens. • One large objective lens.

Question 14 • Spectrographs help astronomers determine the • Position of a star in the sky. • Temperature of a star. • Distance to a star. • Diameter of a star.

Question 15 • The chemical composition of a star can be determined using a • Refracting telescope • Spectrograph • Satellite • Reflecting telescope

Question 16 • A light-year is • 365 days. • The distance light travels in a year. • The distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri. • The amount of light the sun produces in a year.

Question 17 • A star is born when • A nebula expands. • Helium and oxygen combine. • Nuclear fusion starts. • A protostar begins to cool.

Question 18 • All stars begin their lives as parts of • Nebulas. • Protostars. • Pulsars. • Double stars.

Question 19 • The force that tends to pull together matter in stars is • Gravity. • Nuclear fusion. • Expansion. • Nuclear fission.

Question 20 • More than half of all stars are members of groups of two or more stars called • Galaxies. • Eclipsing binaries. • Star systems. • Star clusters.

Question 21 • How are elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies different? • Elliptical galaxies have almost no gas or dust. • Elliptical galaxies vary more in shape than spiral galaxies. • Spiral galaxies have almost no gas or dust. • Spiral galaxies contain only old stars.

Question 22 • The Milky Way Galaxy is • A spiral galaxy. • A cloud galaxy. • An elliptical galaxy. • An irregular galaxy.

Question 23 • Scientists think that the universe is approximately • 1 to 5 millions years old • 1 to 2 billions years old • 15-17 billions years old • 100 to 200 billion years old

Question 24 • One piece of evidence that supports the Big Bang theory is the observation that most galaxies are moving • Toward our galaxy. • Toward one another. • In random directions. • Away from one another.

Question 25 • The solar system formed from • An expanding galaxy. • A giant cloud of gas and dust. • An enormous explosion. • A black hole.

Question 26 • Day and night are caused by • The tilt of the Earth’s axis. • Earth’s revolution around the sun. • Eclipses. • Earth’s rotation on its axis.

Question 27 • Earth’s rotation takes about • 365 days • 6 months • 24 hours • 1 month

Question 28 • The theory astronomers have developed to describe the formation of the universe is the • Expanding cloud theory. • Time warp theory. • Galactic expansion theory. • Big bang theory.

Question 29 • One complete revolution of the Earth takes about • One rotation. • One season. • One year. • One eclipse.

Question 30 • Earth has seasons because • Earth rotates on its axis. • The distance between Earth and sun changes. • Earth’s axis is tilted as it moves around the sun. • The temperature of the sun changes.

Question 31 • An equinox occurs when • Neither end f the Earth’s axis is tilted toward nor away from the sun. • The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted away from the sun. • The north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun. • Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays.

Question 32 • Because the moon rotates once for reach revolution around Earth, • You see some phases more than others. • A different side of the moon faces Earth each day. • You never see the far side of the moon. • The far side of the moon is visible only during the full moon phase.

Question 33 • When the north end of the Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America experiences • More indirect rays and shorter days. • More indirect rays and longer days. • More direct rays and shorter days. • More direct rays and longer days.

Question 34 • The phase of the moon you see depends on • Where you are on the Earth’s surface. • How much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth. • How much of the moon’s surface is lit by the sun. • Whether or not an eclipse is occurring.

Question 35 • For a solar eclipse to occur, • The sun must be directly between the Earth and the moon. • The moon must be directly between the Earth and the sun. • The moon must be directly behind the Earth. • Earth must be directly between the sun and moon.

Question 36 • During what phase can a lunar eclipse occur? • New moon. • First quarter moon. • Waxing gibbous moon. • Full moon.

Question 37 • You are less likely to see a solar eclipse than a lunar eclipse because • The moon’s shadow covers all of the Earth during a lunar eclipse. • New moon phases occur less often than full moon phases. • Only people on the daytime side of the Earth can see a solar eclipse. • You must be in the moon’s shadow to see a solar eclipse.

Question 38 • Tides are caused mainly by • Earth’s rotation on its axis • Differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of the Earth. • Strong winds blowing water onto coasts. • Differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of the Earth.

Question 39 • Scientists think the moon was formed when • A large object struck Earth, and material from both bodies combined. • Gravitation forces attracted materials from outer space. • Meteoroids collected and solidified within the pull of the Earth’s gravity. • Gases from Earth escaped from the atmosphere and condensed.

Question 40 • The factor that a scientist changes during a controlled experiment is the • Dependent variable. • Responding variable. • Initial variable. • Manipulated variable.

Question 41 • 40 cm are how many mm? • .4 • 4 • 400 • 4000

Question 42

What have we learned about astronomy this quarter?