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Disease as a failure of homeostasis

Disease as a failure of homeostasis. Disease Basics. Immune System: The Video Clip. Disease: What is it?. Disease : Any condition that prevents the body from working as it should Can be due to ANY of the following: Pathogens : a disease causing agent Bacteria and Fungi (living)

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Disease as a failure of homeostasis

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  1. Disease as a failure of homeostasis Disease Basics

  2. Immune System: The Video Clip

  3. Disease: What is it? • Disease: • Any condition that prevents the body from working as it should • Can be due to ANY of the following: • Pathogens: a disease causing agent • Bacteria and Fungi (living) • Viruses (non living) • Toxins: a chemical substance that causes harm by disrupting bodily functions • Carbon Monoxide (cigarette smoke!) • Inherited • Hemophilia

  4. Bacteria: The Video Clip

  5. Viruses: The Video Clip

  6. Disease: How are they spread? • AIR BORNE: • COUGHING, SNEEZING, ETC • VECTORS: • ANIMALS/INSECTS THAT CARRY DISEASES AND SPREAD THEM • MOSQUITOES = MALARIA, WEST NILE VIRUS • TICKS = LYME DISEASE • SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED: • SPREAD BY SEXUAL CONTACT • AIDS, HERPES, ETC.

  7. Infectious Disease: The Video Clip

  8. Disease: Fighting it • ANTIBIOTICS: • KILL BACTERIA WITHOUT HARMING THE CELLS OF ANIMALS • SOME CAN DESTROY THE CELL WALLS OF BACTERIA SO THEY DIE. • EXAMPLE IS PENICILLIN • ANTIVIRALS • PREVENT VIRUSES FROM INVADING CELLS AND THEN MULTIPLYING (Tamiflu) • IMMUNE RESPONSE • NON-SPECIFIC • SPECIFIC • ACTIVE IMMUNITY

  9. Antibiotics: The Video Clip

  10. Disease as a failure of homeostasis The Immune System

  11. Skin: The Video Clip

  12. Immunity: Non-specific defenses • FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: • SKIN - MOST IMPORTANT • PATHOGENS CANNOT PENETRATE • WHEN BROKEN, OPENS BODY TO INFECTION • MUCUS • TRAP BACTERIA IN NOSE AND MOUTH • DIGESTIVE STUFF • ACID AND ENZYMES CAN DESTROY PATHOGENS

  13. 1st Line of Defense

  14. Immunity: Non-Specific Defenses • SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE (INFLAMMATION) • BLOOD VESSELS AROUND WOUND SWELL AND RELEASE WBC’S (PHAGOCYTES) REMEMBER PHAGOCYTOSIS? – SURROUND AND ENGULF!! • FEVERS ARE ALSO PART OF THIS RESPONSE

  15. 2nd Line of Defense

  16. Immunity: Specific Defense • RESPONSE TRIGGERED BY AN ANTIGEN: • ORGANIC MATERIALS ON SURFACE OF PATHOGENS THAT BODY DOES NOT RECOGNIZE • 3 Types of Specific Defense: • Humoral Immunity • Cell Mediated Immunity • Permanent Immunity

  17. Specific Defense: Humoral Immunity • OCCURS IN BODY LIQUIDS (LYMPH AND BLOOD) • B LYMPHOCYTES (B CELLS) (WBC’S) • PRODUCE ANTIBODIES IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGENS • ANTIBODIES ARE SPECIFIC TO ANTIGEN • Y SHAPED • CLUMPS BAD GUYS TOGETHER SO CAN BE DESTROYED BY PHAGOCYTE • T LYMPHOCYTES (HELPER T CELLS) (WBC’S) • AID B CELLS IN MAKING PLASMA CELLS

  18. Humoral Response

  19. Specific Defense: Cell-Mediated Immunity • KILLER T CELLS “KILL” SINGLE PATHOGEN CELLS • MAINLY FOR EUKARYOTIC INFECTIONS • PROTISTS AND FUNGI • MAKES BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTS COMPLICATED • DOCTOR LOOKS FOR CLOSEST MATCH • PATIENT MAY BE ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSORS FOR REST OF LIFE WHY IS THIS DANGEROUS?

  20. Cell-Mediated

  21. Specific Defense: Permanent Immunity • ONCE YOU GET IT, YOU CAN’T GET IT AGAIN • DUE TO MEMORY B AND MEMORY T CELLS • WILL CONTINUE TO PRODUCE SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES

  22. Vaccines: The Video Clip

  23. Immunity: Active Immunity • EDWARD JENNER FIRST TESTED ACTIVE IMMUNITY • BASED ON PERMANENT IMMUNITY • VACCINES: • WEAKENED OR MILD FORM OF A PATHOGEN THAT IS INJECTED TO PRODUCE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE • BODY WILL THEN RECOGONIZE ANITGEN WHEN INTRODUCED TO FULL BLOWN PATHOGEN • BODY WILL RESPOND VERY QUICKLY TO DESTROY PATHOGEN

  24. Disease as a failure of homeostasis Immune System Disorders

  25. Allergies: The Video Clip

  26. Immune Disorders: Allergies • IS AN OVERREACTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • OCCURS WHEN ANTIGENS FROM ALLERGENS (POLLEN, PET DANDER, ETC) ATTACH TO MAST CELLS • THIS IN TURN TRIGGERS HISTAMINES • THESE PRODUCE SNEEZING, RUNNY NOSE AND EYES ETC….

  27. Immune Disorders: Autoimmune Disorders • WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM MAKES A MISTAKE AND ATTACKS ITS OWN BODY CELLS • CAN BE THE RESULT OF AN INFECTION • EXAMPLES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES • JUVENILE DIABETES (Type 1) • MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

  28. Autoimmune Disease: The video clip

  29. AIDS • ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME • WHAT CAUSES AIDS? • CAUSED BY THEHIV VIRUS (Human Immunodificiency Virus) • HIVINFECTS HELPER T-CELLSOF IMMUNE SYSTEM ANDDESTROYS THEM • PERSON CAN BE INFECTED W/ HIV FOR YEARS AND NOT KNOW IT • WHENT-CELL COUNT IS LOWENOUGH, FULL-BLOWNAIDS IS DECLARED

  30. HIV: The Video Clip

  31. AIDS: How is it contracted? • SHARING INFECTED NEEDLES • BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS • UNPROTECTED SEX

  32. AIDS: Effects of Disease • AIDS PATIENT MORE SUSECPTIBLE TO OTHER DISEASESB/C IMMUNE SYSTEM DAMAGED • PERSON DIES OF “AIDS RELATED SUCH-IN-SUCH” • EXAMPLE:AIDS RELATED OR INDUCED PNEUMONIA

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