The Land Builds Up

1. The Land Builds Up Atoc Bonggot Lara Sanguenza Valiente

2. The Land Builds Up Mountain Formation Continental Drift Theory Sea-floor Spreading Plate Tectonics (Plate Tectonics and the Philippines) Mountains in the Philippines

3. Mountain Formation

4. What is a Mountain? • A mountain is a landform that rises high above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. What do Mountains look like? • Mountains usually have steep, sloping sides and sharp or slightly rounded ridges and peaks. • Mountains can be rocky and barren.

5. What do Mountains look like? • Mountains usually have steep, sloping sides and sharp or slightly rounded ridges and peaks. • Mountains can be rocky and barren. How are mountains formed? • Mountains are formed by slow but gigantic movements of the earth's crust

6. What different types of Mountains are there? Fold mountains

7. Himalayan Mountains in Asia

8. the Andes in South America

9. the Rockies in North America

10. 2. FAULT-BLOCK MOUNTAIN

11. the Sierra Nevada mountains in North America

12. 3. Dome Mountains

13. 4. Volcanic Mountains

14. Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines

15. Continental Drift Theory

16. Continental Drift Theory the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed

17. Sir Francis Bacon Made first map of the Atlantic Ocean (1620) Noticed parallelism of opposite shores

18. Alfred Wegener A german geologist and meteorologist who first proposed the continental drift

19. The Origin of Oceans and Continents

20. He hypothesized that there was a gigantic supercontinent 200 million years ago, which he named Pangaea, meaning "All-earth"

21. Pangaea started to break up into two smaller supercontinents, called Laurasia and Gondwanaland

22. Terms to remember: Panthalassa- large ocean surrounding supercontinent Laurasia- Europe and North America joined together Gondwanaland- Southern hemisphere portion of supercontinent

24. Wegener's Evidences *Rock Types and Structures*     Match - Africa and South America         Wegener matched at shorelines, later Bullard gets better match at edge of continental shelf

25. *Paleoclimatic evidence*     Gondwanaland glaciations

26. Sea-floor Spreading

27. Sea-floor Spreading The process in which the ocean floor is extended when two plates move apart

28. As Magma rises through the cracks and seeps out onto the ocean floor, the plates move apart thus spreading the sea-floor

29. Ie. mid-Atlantic ridge; pillow basalt • When magma piles up along the crack, a long chain of mountains forms gradually on the ocean floor

30. Mid-ocean Ridge - a place where two of the Earth's tectonic plates are slowly moving apart from each other The mid-ocean ridge system circles the entire Earth, somewhat like the seams of a baseball

31. The boundaries where the plates move apart are constructive new crust is being formed and added to the ocean floor The ocean floor gradually extends and thus the size of these plates increases Subduction – the process in which smaller plates melts back to the earth

32. Subduction

33. Deep ocean Trenches Trenches deep under water that form where the oceanic crust bends downwards

34. Marianas Trench

35. Major characteristics of the seafloor: the age of the seafloor is progressively older away from mid-ocean ridges; older parts of the seafloor have the greatest potential to have accumulated sediments over the longest time

36. Evidences of sea-floor spreading Presence of pillow shaped rocks

37. Drilling into the sea floor The closer you get to the mid-ocean ridge, the younger the rocks. The farther you get, the older the rocks.

38. Plate Tectonics

39. Plate Tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth'slithosphere

40. Main features: The Earth's surface is made up of a series of large plates; These plates are in constant motion travelling at a few centimetres per year; The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the centre and sinking at the edges; Convection currents beneath the plates move the plates in different directions; The source of heat driving the convection currents is radioactive decay;

41. The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries: Convergent - where plates move into one another;  Divergent - where plates move apart; Transform - where plates move sideways in relation to each other

42. Convergent Boundaries plates serving landmasses collide, the crust crumples and buckles into mountain ranges convergent boundaries also occur where a plate of ocean dives, in a process called subduction

43. Divergent Boundaries magma from deep in the Earth's mantle rises toward the surface and pushes apart two or more plates. Mountains and volcanoes rise along the seam.

44. Transform Boundaries two plates grind past each other along what are called strike-slip faults. These boundaries don't produce spectacular features like mountains or oceans, but the halting motion often triggers large earthquakes

46. Age of the Sea Floor *This figure displays the estimated age of sea floor crustal plates with red the youngest and blue the oldest

47. Mountains in the Philippines

48. Mt. Apo location : island of Mindanao

49. Mt. Pulag location : Luzon

50. Mt. Kitanglad location: Bukidnon