Introduction to e-Commerce

Introduction to e-Commerce Domain Names Dr. Michael D. Featherstone

Domain Names Fundamental building block of any electronic business. New .com and .net registrations totaled nearly 8.1, representing an average of approximately 2.7 million new domain name registrations per month. Every second a new domain name is added in the dot com and dot net zones.

Domain Name System • The Domain Name System (abbreviated DNS) is an Internet directory service. DNS is how domain names are translated into IP addresses, and DNS also controls email delivery. • The DNS system consists of three components: • DNS data (called resource records), • Servers (called name servers), and • Internet protocols for fetching data from the servers • Paul Mockapetris and Jon Postel introduced DNS in 1984.

Domain Name IP Address Domain Names Make it easier for us humans – We Like Names, Computers Like Numbers Not unlike telephone books Brownkowski, John A …….. 256-555-2727 www.mensbowties.com ……… 75.144.42.2

Domain Names IP Address Rules FOUR OCTETS OF NUMBERS ie. 1.2.3.4 VALID RANGE FOR EACH OCTET is 0-255 EACH OCTET is separated by a dot. 0.123.4.255

Domain Names WHAT THE HECK IS AN OCTET?

Domain Names WHAT THE HECK IS AN OCTET? A BYTE is a character of information (remember?) – only its represented in binary code – snooty scientific talk for information represented by ones and zeros. A BYTE looks sort of like this “ 0001- 0111” So suffice to say – if we filled up all eight of those positions with 1s and 0s starting at 0000-0000 then to 0000-0001, then to 0000-0010, and finally ending at 1111-1111 – we would be able to represent 256 numbers – the numbers 0 to 255 Which explains why they are called Octets (eight ‘1s and 0s) and why the range of numbers they represent is 0-255… I don’t know why they put dots between them.

Domain Names We are transitioning to IP v6 addresses, even while we speak… But we will still be using IP v4 for the forseeable future.

Domain Names Domain Name Resolution Resolution: process that returns a Web page after a name is entered into a browser or sends/receives an email after a name is entered in an email address Domain names are resolved from right to left www.jsu.edu EDU

Domain Name Resolution Domain names are resolved from right to left www.jsu.edu EDU JSU Domain Names

Domain Name Resolution Domain names are resolved from right to left www.jsu.edu EDU That’s why this is called the Top Level Domain or TLD. Domain name bestows ownership on items to the left. JSU Domain Names

Domain Names Domain Name Resolution

Domain Names Resource Records FUJITSU NS NS1.FUJITSU WPD NS DNS1.UTELFLA WRENCH NS ENESTWO.WRENCH BAKA NS WAV2.CLARITYCONNECT.NET. CLMCPA NS NS2.MYSUPERPAGESHOSTING PJDICK NS CMTU.MT.NS.ELS-GMS.ATT.NET. CARBONATION NS NS6.HOSTEXCELLENCE SHIELDMARK NS NS1.SITEBYTES.NL. Dot-com Domain Name File from a VeriSign TLD Server NS1.LOUDOUNCOUNTYJAILINMATES A 70.84.117.101 NS2.VTRECORDER A 70.84.117.102 NS1.BROWARDNOTARYPUBLIC A 70.84.117.101 NS2.DEOFFENDERS A 70.84.117.102 NS2.LIVINGSTONCOUNTYRECORDS A 70.84.117.102 NS1.NEPROPERTYINFO A 70.84.117.101 NS2.BN47W3 A 69.90.126.71 NS2.FREEUSPUBLICRECORDS A 70.84.117.102

Domain Names Dot-com Domain Name File from a VeriSign TLD Server Resource Records FUJITSU NS NS1.FUJITSU WPD NS DNS1.UTELFLA WRENCH NS ENESTWO.WRENCH BAKA NS WAV2.CLARITYCONNECT.NET. CLMCPA NS NS2.MYSUPERPAGESHOSTING PJDICK NS CMTU.MT.NS.ELS-GMS.ATT.NET. CARBONATION NS NS6.HOSTEXCELLENCE SHIELDMARK NS NS1.SITEBYTES.NL. NS1.LOUDOUNCOUNTYJAILINMATES A 70.84.117.101 NS2.VTRECORDER A 70.84.117.102 NS1.BROWARDNOTARYPUBLIC A 70.84.117.101 NS2.DEOFFENDERS A 70.84.117.102 NS2.LIVINGSTONCOUNTYRECORDS A 70.84.117.102 NS1.NEPROPERTYINFO A 70.84.117.101 NS2.BN47W3 A 69.90.126.71 NS2.FREEUSPUBLICRECORDS A 70.84.117.102

Domain Names The .aero domain is reserved for members of the air-transport industry and is sponsored by Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques (SITA). The .biz domain is restricted to businesses and is operated by NeuLevel, Inc. The .cat domain is reserved for the Catalan linguistic and cultural community and is sponsored by Fundació puntCat The .com domain is operated by VeriSign Global Registry Services. The .coop domain is reserved for cooperative associations and is sponsored by Dot Cooperation LLC. The .info domain is operated by Afilias Limited. The .jobs domain is reserved for human resource managers and is sponsored by Employ Media LLC. The .mobi domain is reserved for consumers and providers of mobile products and services and is sponsored by mTLD Top Level Domain, Ltd. The .museum domain is reserved for museums and is sponsored by the Museum Domain Management Association. The .name domain is reserved for individuals and is operated by Global Name Registry. The .net domain is operated by VeriSign Global Registry Services. The .org domain is operated by Public Interest Registry. It is intended to serve the noncommercial community, but all are eligible to register within .org. The .pro domain is restricted to credentialed professionals and related entities and is operated by RegistryPro. The .travel domain is reserved for entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry and is sponsored by Tralliance Corporation. Registrations in the domains listed above may be made through dozens of competitive registrars. For a list of the currently operating accredited registrars, go to the InterNIC site. Information about becoming an accredited registrar is available on the ICANN site. The .gov domain is reserved exclusively for the United States Government. It is operated by the US General Services Administration. The .edu domain is reserved for postsecondary institutions accredited by an agency on the U.S. Department of Education's list of Nationally Recognized Accrediting Agencies and is registered only through Educause. The .mil domain is reserved exclusively for the United States Military. It is operated by the US DoD Network Information Center. The .int domain is used only for registering organizations established by international treaties between governments. It is operated by the IANA .int Domain Registry.

pm – Saint Pierre and Miquelon .pn – Pitcairn Island .pr – Puerto Rico .ps – Palestinian Territory, Occupied .pt – Portugal .pw – Palau .py – Paraguay .qa – Qatar .re – Reunion Island .ro – Romania .rs – Serbia .ru – Russian Federation .rw – Rwanda .sa – Saudi Arabia .sb – Solomon Islands .sc – Seychelles .sd – Sudan .se – Sweden .sg – Singapore .sh – Saint Helena .si – Slovenia ..su – Soviet Union (being phased out) .sv – El Salvador .sy – Syrian Arab Republic .sz – Swaziland .tc – Turks and Caicos Islands .td – Chad .tg – Togo .th – Thailand .tj – Tajikistan .tk – Tokelau .tl – Timor-Leste .tm – Turkmenistan .tn – Tunisia .to – Tonga .tp – East Timor .tr – Turkey .tt – Trinidad and Tobago .tv – Tuvalu .tw – Taiwan .tz – Tanzania .ua – Ukraine .ug – Uganda .uk – United Kingdom .um – United States Minor Outlying Islands .us – United States .uy – Uruguay .uz – Uzbekistan .va – Holy See (Vatican City State) .vc – Saint Vincent and the Domain Names ls – Lesotho .lt – Lithuania .lu – Luxembourg .lv – Latvia .ly – Libyan Arab Jamahiriya .ma – Morocco .mc – Monaco .md – Moldova, Republic of .me – Montenegro .mg – Madagascar .mh – Marshall Islands .mk – Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of .ml – Mali .mm – Myanmar .mn – Mongolia .mo – Macao .mp – Northern Mariana Islands .mq – Martinique .mr – Mauritania .ms – Montserrat .mt – Malta .mu – Mauritius .mv – Maldives .mw – Malawi .mx – Mexico .my – Malaysia .mz – Mozambique .na – Namibia .nc – New Caledonia .ne – Niger .nf – Norfolk Island .ng – Nigeria .ni – Nicaragua .nl – Netherlands .no – Norway .np – Nepal .nr – Nauru .nu – Niue .nz – New Zealand .om – Oman .pa – Panama .pe – Peru .pf – French Polynesia .pg – Papua New Guinea .ph – Philippines .pk – Pakistan .pl – Poland . gs – South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands .gt – Guatemala .gu – Guam .gw – Guinea-Bissau .gy – Guyana .hk – Hong Kong .hm – Heard and McDonald Islands .hn – Honduras .hr – Croatia/Hrvatska .ht – Haiti .hu – Hungary .id – Indonesia .ie – Ireland .il – Israel .im – Isle of Man .in – India .io – British Indian Ocean Territory .iq – Iraq .ir – Iran, Islamic Republic of .is – Iceland .it – Italy .je – Jersey .jm – Jamaica .jo – Jordan .jp – Japan .ke – Kenya .kg – Kyrgyzstan .kh – Cambodia .ki – Kiribati .km – Comoros .kn – Saint Kitts and Nevis .kp – Korea, Democratic People's Republic .kr – Korea, Republic of .kw – Kuwait .ky – Cayman Islands .kz – Kazakhstan .la – Lao People's Democratic Republic .lb – Lebanon .lc – Saint Lucia .li – Liechtenstein .lk – Sri Lanka .lr – Liberia .ac – Ascension Island .ad – Andorra .ae – United Arab Emirates .af – Afghanistan .ag – Antigua and Barbuda .ai – Anguilla .al – Albania .am – Armenia .an – Netherlands Antilles .ao – Angola .aq – Antarctica .ar – Argentina .as – American Samoa .at – Austria .au – Australia .aw – Aruba .ax – Aland Islands .az – Azerbaijan .ba – Bosnia and Herzegovina .bb – Barbados .bd – Bangladesh .be – Belgium .bf – Burkina Faso .bg – Bulgaria .bh – Bahrain .bi – Burundi .bj – Benin .bm – Bermuda .bn – Brunei Darussalam .bo – Bolivia .br – Brazil .bs – Bahamas .bt – Bhutan .bv – Bouvet Island .bw – Botswana .by – Belarus .bz – Belize .ca – Canada .cc – Cocos (Keeling) Islands .cd – Congo, The Democratic Republic of the .cf – Central African Republic .cg – Congo, Republic of .ch – Switzerland .cm – Cameroon .cn – China .co – Colombia .cr – Costa Rica .cu – Cuba .cv – Cape Verde .cx – Christmas Island .cy – Cyprus .cz – Czech Republic .de – Germany .dj – Djibouti .dk – Denmark .dm – Dominica .do – Dominican Republic .dz – Algeria .ec – Ecuador .ee – Estonia .eg – Egypt .eh – Western Sahara .er – Eritrea .es – Spain .et – Ethiopia .eu – European Union .fi – Finland .fj – Fiji .fk – Falkland Islands (Malvinas) .fm – Micronesia, Federated States of .fo – Faroe Islands .fr – France .ga – Gabon .gb – United Kingdom .gd – Grenada .ge – Georgia .gf – French Guiana .gg – Guernsey .gh – Ghana .gi – Gibraltar .gl – Greenland .gm – Gambia .gn – Guinea .gp – Guadeloupe .gq – Equatorial Guinea .gr – Greece .

Domain Names Domain Name Resolution Domain names are resolved from right to left www.jsu.edu EDU That’s why this is called the Top Level Domain or TLD. Domain name bestows ownership on items to the left. JSU

Domain Names www.scu.edu

Domain Names www.scu.edu.au

Domain Names Video on the Internet continues to grow and users are seeking new methods of finding multimedia content on the Web. The .tv domain name provides a global opportunity for users to find a media-rich Web site of their choice. By using a .tv Web address, companies and individuals can offer online viewers a simple and easily recognizable gateway to finding rich media content on the Internet. Source: VeriSign

Domain Names Source: VeriSign Domain Name Industry Brief, December 2008

Domain Names Country Code Domains: LY – CO – TV –

Domain Names http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/announcements-and-media/video/overview-en

This Concludes Today’s Presentation Thank you for your attention

Introduction to e-Commerce