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Science 9

Science 9. Unit 3: Biology Lesson 2: DNA!. Objectives. By the end of the lesson you should be able to : Describe the structure and function of the nucleus Relate chromosomes, genes and DNA Describe the structure and function of DNA. Review...the Nucleus.

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Science 9

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  1. Science 9 Unit 3: Biology Lesson 2: DNA!

  2. Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to: Describe the structure and function of the nucleus Relate chromosomes, genes and DNA Describe the structure and function of DNA

  3. Review...the Nucleus The nucleus has always been my fav! What does it do? How does it do this?

  4. Your Turn! • Draw a nucleus and label the bolded words below: • Nuclear membrane – like the cell membrane protects contents of the nucleus • Nuclear pore- openings in the membrane that allow only certain things in and out of the nucleus • Nucleoplasm- gel inside the nucleus • Nucleolus- makes ribosomes • DNA- base pairs connected to form a double helix • Chromatin- contains DNA and protein • Chromosome- coiled chromatin forms an “X” shape • What is the function of the nucleus?

  5. DNA Discovery

  6. DNA and Chromosomes • DNA: the blueprint of life! • Located in the nucleus in 46 “chunks” called Chromosomes • Each chromosome has sections that codes for a specific characteristics • These sections are called genes • Chromatin is found inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

  7. Continued… • Chromatin is found inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells • Chromosomes during the cycle of Interphase, take the form of chromatin. Chromatin (uncoiled) condenses (shortens and thickens) during cell division to form the chromosomes. • Chromatin is the substance that contains the DNA and the proteins. Within each strand of chromatin is one molecule of DNA.

  8. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

  9. Human DNA Humans have 46 chromosomes That is: 23 pairs of chromosomes 23 from mom and 23 from dad

  10. DNA Structure • Double helix • Sugar-phosphate backbone • 4 nitrogenous bases • Complementary base pairing • A=T; G=C

  11. Nitrogenous Bases Found in RNA only in place of T!

  12. Making RNA Remember that RNA is just a photocopy of a section (gene) of DNA To make the RNA the DNA has to split (unzip) down the middle so the RNA can read the bases and make the copy

  13. Reading DNA When a photocopy of a gene is taken (RNA!) the DNA has to split so a copy can be made If you had to make a copy of a gene could you?? YES!!! Lets watch how its done in real life!! Lets practice!

  14. Hip Hip Hooray for DNA! Edible DNA!! YAY!! DNA extraction!! YAY!!

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