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Orthography, Legitimation, and the Construction of Publics: The 1996 Reform of German. Sally Johnson Department of Linguistics and Phonetics School of Modern Languages and Cultures University of Leeds s.a.johnson@leeds.ac.uk. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 The 1996 reform of German orthography.
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Orthography, Legitimation, and the Construction of Publics: The 1996 Reform of German Sally Johnson Department of Linguistics and Phonetics School of Modern Languages and Cultures University of Leeds s.a.johnson@leeds.ac.uk
1.1 The 1996 reform of German orthography • Aim of Reform • Implementation 1998-2005 • Disputes
1.2 Languages, publics and legitimation • Languages and Publics: The Making of Authority (Gal & Woolard, 2001) • Habermas and the public sphere
2.1 Legitimation crises: a brief overview • Changing nature of the public sphere • State intervention into private sphere • From rationality deficit… • …to legitimation crisis • Legitimation crises in educational domains
Whereas school administrations formerly merely had to codify a canon that had taken shape in an unplanned, nature-like manner, present curriculum planning is based on the premise that traditional patterns could as well be otherwise. Administrative planning produces a universal pressure for legitimation in a sphere that was once distinguished precisely for its power of self-legitimation. (Habermas, 1976: 71-2)
2.2 Language standardisation and problems of legitimation • State involvement per se • Standardisation as encoding of socio-regional privilege • Positivistic rule-optimism • ‘Standard’ language as oxymoron • Standardisation as ‘mis-recognition’
GERMAN ORTHOGRAPHIC REFORM AS LEGITIMATION CRISIS • German orthography pre-19th century • State-sanctioned codification and public pressure for legitimation • Orthographic standardisation and the ‘common good’ • Functional efficacy vs unificatory/disciplinary functions
3. Continued • No mechanism for re-standardisation in 1901 • State devolvement to Duden corporation in 1955 • Citizen’s rights in Basic Law of 1949 • ‘Juridification’ of social life in late 20th century